Partijen en gegevens

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

In signing this Convention, the Government of Denmark declares that for the purpose of its obligations thereunder the words ‘events occuring before 1 January 1951’ in article 1, section A, shall be understood as referring to events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

(Translation)

In signing this Convention, the Government of the Netherlands declares that, for the purpose of its obligations thereunder, the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’ in article 1, section A, shall be understood as referring to events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951.

This signature is appended subject to the reservation that in all cases where this Convention grants to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country this provision shall not be interpreted as involving the regime accorded to nationals of countries with which the Netherlands has concluded regional, customs, economic or political agreements.

In signing this Convention, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland declares that for the purpose of its obligations thereunder the words ‘events occuring before 1 January 1951’ in article 1, section A, shall be understood as referring to events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951.

In signing this Convention, the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany declares that for the purpose of its obligations thereunder the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’ in article 1, Section A, shall be understood as referring to events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

In signing this Convention, the Government of Greece declares that for the purpose of its obligations thereunder the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’ in article 1, Section A, shall be understood as referring to events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

In signing this Convention, the Government of the Republic of Italy declares that the provisions of articles 6, 7 (2), 8, 17, 18, 19, 22 (2), 23, 25 and 34 are recognized by it as recommendations only.

It also declares that for the purpose of the obligations assumed by the Republic of Italy under this Convention, the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’ in article 1, section A (2), shall be understood as referring to events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951.

The Government of Italy has the honour to notify that from the date of the present note, the words ‘events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951’ in article 1 of the Convention, shall be understood as ‘events occurring in Europe and elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

In accordance with Article 1, Section B (1), the French Government declares that for the purpose of its obligations under this Convention, the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’ in Article 1, Section A (2), shall be understood to mean ‘events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The Government of the French Republic declares that it has decided to extend the obligations that it assumes pursuant to the Convention of 28 July 1951, in accordance with paragraph 2, Section B of article 1 of the said Convention, and, accordingly, will apply the Protocol of 31 January 1967 without any geographical limitation.

In depositing the instrument of ratification by His Majesty the King of Denmark of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees signed at Geneva on 28 July 1951, I have the honour, on behalf of my Government, to state that, in conformity with article 42, paragraph 1 of the said Convention, Denmark's ratification is made subject to the following reservations:

Denmark is not bound bij articles 14 and 17 or by article 24, paragraph 3;

The provisions of article 24, paragraph 1, under which refugees are in certain cases placed on the same footing as nationals, shall not oblige Denmark to grant refugees in every case exactly the same remuneration as that provided by law for nationals, but only to grant them what is required for their support;

Paragraph 2 of the same article shall be binding upon Denmark only if the beneficiary is a national of a State which grants Danish nationals the same treatment as its own national from the point of view of the benefits provided for in its relevant legislation.

At the same time, on behalf of my Government and in conformity with article 40, paragraph 1, I have the honour to declare that the provisions of the Convention, subject to the above-mentioned reservations, will also apply to Greenland.

(sd.) William Borberg.

The obligations in article 17, paragraph 1, to accord to refugees lawfully staying in Denmark the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country as regards the right to engage in wage-earning employment shall not be construed to mean that refugees shall be entitled to the privileges which in this respect are accorded to nationals of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.

Reservations

The obligation stipulated in article 17 (1) to accord to refugees lawfully staying in the country the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country in the same circumstances as regards the right to engage in wage-earning employment, shall not be construed as extending to refugees the benefits of agreements which may in the future be concluded between Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden, or between Norway and any one of these countries, for the purpose of establishing special conditions for the transfer of labour between these countries.

Art. 24. The obligation stipulated in Article 24 (1)(b) to accord to refugees lawfully staying in the country the same treatment as is accorded to nationals in respect of social security, shall not apply as regards benefits payable under the Act of the 16th July, 1936, relating to the disabled and the blind or the Act relating to family allowances of the 24th October, 1946, nor as regards the benefits payable under the Act of the 24th June, 1931, relating to employment injury insurance for seamen.

A reservation is also made with respect to the provisions contained in Article 24 (3) insofar as payment of benefits under the three above-mentioned Acts is concerned.

… the Government of Norway withdraws, with immediate effect, the reservation made by it to Article 24 of the Convention, as the Acts mentioned in said reservation have been amended to accord to refugees lawfully staying in the country the same treatment as is accorded to Norwegian nationals.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

In depositing the instruments of ratification of His Majesty the King of the Belgians to the International Convention, and annexes relating to the status of refugees, signed at Geneva on 28 July 1951, I hereby declare that the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’, in article 1, section A of that Convention, should, from the point of view of the obligations assumed by the Belgian Government in virtue of the Convention, be understood to mean ‘events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’. Furthermore,

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

When ratifying the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees signed at Geneva on July 28, 1951, and in accordance with Article 42, paragraph 1, thereof, the Government of the United Kingdom have deemed it necessary to make certain reservations thereto, the text of which is reproduced below:

Commentary

In connexion with sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 1 of article 24 relating to certain matters within the scope of the National Health Service, the National Health Service (Amendment) Act, 1949, contains powers for charges to be made to persons not ordinarily resident in Great Britain (which category would include refugees) who receive treatment under the Service. While these powers have not yet been exercised it is possible that this might have to be done at some future date. In Northern Ireland the health services are restricted to persons ordinarily resident in the country except where regulations are made to extend the Service to others. It is for these reasons that the Government of the United Kingdom while they are prepared in the future, as in the past, to give the most sympathetic consideration to the situation of refugees, find it necessary to make a reservation to sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 1 of article 24 of the Convention.

The scheme of Industrial Injuries Insurance in Great Britain does not meet the requirements of paragraph 2 of article 24 of the Convention. Where an insured person has died as the result of an industrial accident or a disease due to the nature of his employment, benefit cannot generally be paid to his dependants who are abroad unless they are in any part of the British Commonwealth, in the Irish Republic or in a country with which the United Kingdom has made a reciprocal agreement concerning the payment of industrial injury benefits. There is an exception to this rule in favour of the dependants of certain seamen who die as a result of industrial accidents happening to them while they are in the service of British ships. In this matter refugees are treated in the same way as citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies and by reason of paragraphs 3 and 4 of article 24 of the Convention, the dependants of refugees will be able to take advantage of reciprocal agreements which provide for the payment of United Kingdom industrial injury benefits in other countries. By reason of paragraphs (3) and (4) of article 24 refugees will enjoy under the scheme of National Insurance and Industrial Injuries Insurance certain rights which are withheld from British subjects who are not citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies.

No arrangements exist in the United Kingdom for the administrative assistance for which provision is made in article 25 nor have any such arrangements been found necessary in the case of refugees. Any need for the documents or certifications mentioned in paragraph 2 of that article would be met by affidavits.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Reservation

Articles 17, 18, 19 and 26

The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia understands that none of the obligations with regard to refugees stipulated in Articles 17, 18, 19 and 26 of the Convention precludes:

Reservation

Article 28

The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia makes a reservation with respect to the provisions contained in paragraph 1 of Article 28 of the Convention and does not accept the obligations stipulated in this paragraph but is prepared to recognize travel documents issued by other Contracting States pursuant to this Article.

Reservation

Article 32

The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia makes a reservation with respect to the provisions contained in Article 32 of the Convention and does not accept the obligations stipulated in this Article.

… subject to the reservation that the stipulations contained in Articles 7 (paragraph 2), 15, 22 (paragraph 1), 23 and 24 shall be provisionally considered as being recommendations and not legal obligations.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

On 18 May 1954, the Government of the Principality of Monaco acceded to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, adopted at Geneva on 28 July 1951.

On that occasion, the Government made a declaration, in accordance with the terms of article 1, section B, paragraph 1, on the geographical scope of its obligations under the Convention.

The declaration had the effect of limiting such obligations by Monaco to the protection of asylum seekers and refugees who had fled their countries as a result of events occurring in the region of Europe.

… the Government has approved an extension of the obligations undertaken by Monaco in this regard with a view to giving them a universal character, in line with article 1, section B, paragraph 2, of the Convention…

Greenland [is] subject to the reservations made on ratification by the government of Denmark.

In depositing its instrument of ratification, the Government of the French Republic, acting in accordance with article 42 of the Convention, makes the following statement:

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Reservations:

First, a general reservation to the effect that the application of those provisions of the Convention which grant to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country shall not be affected by the fact that special rights and privileges are now or may in future be accorded by Sweden to the nationals of Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway or to the nationals of any one of those countries; and, secondly, the following reservations:

reservation to article 7, paragraph 2, to the effect that Sweden is not prepared, as a general measure, to grant refugees who fulfil the condition of three years' residence in Sweden an exemption from any legislative reciprocity which Swedish law may have stipulated as a condition covering an alien's eligibility for some right or privilege;

a reservation to article 8 to the effect that that article shall not be binding on Sweden;

a reservation to article 12, paragraph 1, to the effect that the Convention shall not modify the rule of Swedish private international law, as now in force, under which the personal status of a refugee is governed by the law of his country of nationality;

a reservation to article 14 to the effect that protection afforded by that article shall apply only to industrial property; a reservation to article 17, paragraph 2, to the effect that Sweden does not consider itself bound to grant a refugee who fulfils any one of the conditions set out in sub-paragraphs (a)-(c) an automatic exemption from the obligation to obtain a work permit;

a reservation to article 24, paragraph 1 (b), to the effect that Sweden shall not be bound under the principle of national treatment for refugees to accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to nationals in respect of the compulsory conversion into a lump-sum capital payment of the daily sickness allowance or the annuity to which a non-resident alien in Sweden is entitled by virtue of an employment injury or an occupational disease; nor in respect of an allowance for funeral expenses of a non-resident alien in Sweden; nor in respect of the possibility of obtaining insurance benefits under the provisions in force in Sweden making special accident insurance available to fishermen, or of the possibility of becoming a member of a State approved unemployment fund; and likewise to the effect that Sweden makes eligibility for the benefits of general sickness insurance conditional upon inclusion in the annual census lists;

a reservation to article 24, paragraphs 2 and 3, to the effect that the provisions of those paragraphs shall not be binding on Sweden;

and a reservation to article 25, to the effect that Sweden does not consider itself bound to cause a certificate to be delivered by a Swedish authority, in the place of the authorities of a foreign country, if the documentary records necessary for the delivery of such a certificate do not exist in Sweden.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

… notwithstanding the principle of national treatment for refugees, Sweden shall not be bound to accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to nationals in respect of the possibility of entitlement to a national pension under the provisions of the National Insurance Act; and likewise to the effect that, in so far as the right to a supplementary pension under the said Act and the computation of such pension in certain respects are concerned, the rules applicable to Swedish nationals shall be more favourable than those applied to other insured persons.

Withdrawal of the reservations to articles 8 and 24, paragraph 1 (b).

The Convention is ratified:

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Reservation ad article 17:

With respect to the right to engage in wage-earning employment, refugees are treated in law on the same footing as aliens in general, on the understanding, however, that the competent authorities shall make every effort in so far as possible, to apply to them the provisions of this article.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

‛ Reservation ad article 24, paragraph 1(a) and (b), and paragraph 3:

Provisions relating to aliens in general on training, apprenticeship, unemployment insurance, shall be applicable to refugees. Nevertheless, in the case of old-age and survivors insurance, refugees residing in Switzerland (including their survivors if the latter are considered as refugees) are already entitled to normal old-age or survivors’ benefits after paying their contributions for at least one full year, provided that they have resided in Switzerland for ten years — of which five years without interruption have immediately preceded the occurrence of the event insured against. Moreover, the one-third reduction in benefits provided in the case of aliens and stateless persons under article 40 of the Federal Act on Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, is not applicable to refugees. Refugees residing in Switzerland who, on the occurrence of the event insured against, are not entitled to old-age or survivors’ benefits, are paid not only their own contributions under the Federal Council's Order of 14 March 1952, but any contributions which may have been made by the employers. ’

In transmitting this instrument of ratification to you, I am directed to inform you that the Holy See, in conformity with the terms of article 42, paragraph 1, of the Convention, makes the reservation that the application of the Convention must be compatible in practice with the special nature of the Vatican City State and without prejudice to the norms governing access to and sojourn therein.

It declares, moreover, that for the purpose of its obligations under this Convention, the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’ in Article 1, Section A, paragraph 2, will be understood as referring to events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With respect to article 1, relating to the definition of the term ‘refugee’, the Government of Ecuador declares that its accession to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees does not imply its acceptance of the Conventions which have not been expressly signed and ratified by Ecuador;

With respect to article 15, Ecuador further declares that its acceptance of the provisions contained therein shall be limited in so far as those provisions are in conflict with the constitutional and statutory provisions in force prohibiting aliens, and consequently refugees, from being members of political bodies.

Reservation:

Ad article 17: With respect to the right to engage in wage-earning employment, refugees are treated in law on the same footing as aliens in general, on the understanding, however, that the competent authorities shall make every effort in so far as possible, to apply to them the provisions of this article.

Territorial application:

All territories for the international relations of which France is responsible.

Territorial application to

Falkland Islands:

Same reservations, in essence, as those made for the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man […].

Sint-Helena, Ascension en Tristan da Cunha:

Same reservations, in essence, as those made for the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man under Nos. (i), (iii) and (iv).

[The Government of Argentina makes a] formal objection to the declaration of territorial extension issued by the United Kingdom with regard to the Malvinas Islands (and dependencies), which that country is illegally occupying and refers to as the ‘Falkland Islands’.

The Argentine Republic rejects and considers null and void the [declaration] of territorial extension.

The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have no doubt as to their right, by notification to the Depositary under the relevant provisions of the above-mentioned Convention, to extend the application of the Convention in question to the Falkland Islands or to the Falkland Islands Dependencies, as the case may be.

For this reason alone, the Government of the United Kingdom are unable to regard the Argentine communications under reference as having any legal effect.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Reservations:

Ad article 17: With respect to the right to engage in wage-earning employment, refugees are treated in law on the same footing as aliens in general, on the understanding, however, that the competent authorities shall make every effort in so far as possible, to apply to them the provisions of this article.

Ad article 24, paragraph 1(a) and (b) and paragraph 3: Provisions relating to aliens in general on training, apprenticeship, unemployment insurance, old-age and survivors insurance shall be applicable to refugees. Nevertheless, in the case of old-age and survivors insurance, refugees residing in Liechtenstein (including their survivors if the latter are considered as refugees) are already entitled to normal old-age or survivors’ benefits after paying their contributions for at least one full year, provided that they have resided in Liechtenstein for ten years — of which five years without interruption have immediately preceded the occurrence of the event insured against. Moreover, the one-third reduction in benefits provided in the case of aliens and stateless persons under article 74 of the Act on Old-Age and Survivors Insurance is not applicable to refugees. Refugees residing in Liechtenstein who, on the occurrence of the event insured against, are not entitled to old-age or survivors’ benefits, are paid not only their own contributions but any contributions which may have been made by the employers.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Withdrawal of reservation concerning article 17 and article 24.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Reservations:

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

… The Government of New Zealand can only undertake to give effect to the provisions contained in paragraph 2 of article 24 of the Convention so far as the law of New Zealand allows …

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Reservations:

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The Turkish Government considers moreover, that the term ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’ refers to the beginning of the events. Consequently, since the pressure exerted upon the Turkish minority in Bulgaria, which began before 1 January 1951, is still continuing, the provision of this Convention must also apply to the Bulgarian refugees of Turkish extraction compelled to leave that country as a result of this pressure and who, being unable to enter Turkey, might seek refuge on the territory of another contracting party after 1 January 1951.

The Turkish Government will, at the time of ratification, enter reservations which it could make under article 42 of the Convention.

No provision of this Convention may be interpreted as granting to refugees greater rights than those accorded to Turkish citizens in Turkey.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With confirmation of the reservations made by the Government of the United Kingdom upon application of the Convention to the territory of Cyprus.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The Government of Jamaica confirms and maintains the following reservations, which were made when the Convention was extended to Jamaica by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

[…] Tuvalu confirmed that it regards the Convention […] as continuing in force subject to reservations previously made by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in relation to the Colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Declaration

In accordance with Article 1, section B (1), the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia declares that, for the purpose of its obligations under this Convention, the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’ in Article 1, section A shall be understood to mean ‘events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The Government of Dahomey declares that the obligations assumed under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, which was signed at Geneva on 28 July 1951 and to which it became a party by a notification of succession dated 4 April 1962, are henceforth extended by the adoption of alternative (b) in article 1, section B(1), of the Convention.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The provisions of article 7(1) shall not be interpreted as requiring the same treatment as is accorded to nationals of countries with which the Malagasy Republic has concluded conventions of establishment or agreements on co-operation

The provisions of articles 8 and 9 shall not be interpreted as forbidding the Malagasy Government to take, in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances, measures with regard to a refugee because of his nationality in the interests of national security.

The provisions of article 17 cannot be interpreted as preventing the application of the laws and regulations establishing the proportion of alien workers that employers are authorized to employ in Madagascar or affecting the obligations of such employers in connexion with the employment of alien workers.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Whereas the Instrument of Accession contained reservations, inter alia, to Article 7, paragraph 2; Article 8; Article 12, paragraph 1; Article 24, paragraph 1(b) and paragraph 3; Article 25 and Article 28, paragraph 1 in the Convention.

Now therefore the Government of the Republic of Finland do hereby withdraw the said reservations, while the general reservation concerning nationals of Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and the reservation on Article 24, paragraph 3, will remain.

Subject to the reservation of articles 7, 17, 26, 31, 32 and 34 and paragraph 1 of article 12 of the Convention.

[…]

Canada interprets the phrase ‘lawfullly staying’ as referring only to refugees admitted for permanent residence; refugees admitted for temporary residence will be accorded the same treatment with respect to the matters dealt with in Articles 23 and 24 as is accorded visitors generally.

[…]

The provisions of articles 8, 9, 17(2) and 22(1) of the Convention are recognized only as recommendations and not as legally binding obligations.

The Government of Sierra Leone wishes to state with regard to article 17(2) that Sierra Leone does not consider itself bound to grant to refugees the rights stipulated therein.

Further, with regard to article 17 as a whole, the Government of Sierra Leone wishes to state that it considers the article to be a recommendation only and not a binding obligation.

The Government of Sierra Leone wishes to state that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 29, and it reserves the right to impose special taxes on aliens a provided for in the Constitution.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Article 7 paragraph 2, articles 14, 23, 27 and 28 shall not apply to Malta, and article 7 paragraphs 3, 4 and 5, articles 8, 9, 11, 17, 18, 31, 32 and 34 shall apply to Malta compatibly with its own special problems, its peculiar position and characteristics.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The Government of Malta […] hereby withdraws the reservations relating to article 7 (2), Articles 14, 27, 28, 7(3)(4), (5), 8, 9, 17, 18, 31 and 32; […] and confirms that: Article 23 shall not apply to Malta, and articles 11, and 34 shall apply to Malta compatibly and with its own special problems, its peculiar position and characteristics.

[The Government of Malta] declare that the Government of Malta, having reviewed the remaining reservations and declaration, hereby withdraws the reservations relating to Article 23, and the reservations in respect of Articles 11 and 34 wherein these applied to Malta compatibly with its own special problems, its peculiar positions and characteristics.

Subject to the following reservations made pursuant to article 42 (1) of the Convention:

Article 17 (2)

The Government of the Republic of Zambia wishes to state with regard to article 17, paragraph 2, that Zambia does not consider itself bound to grant to a refugee who fulfils any one of the conditions set out in sub-paragraphs (a) to (c) automatic exemption from the obligation to obtain a work permit.

Further, with regard to article 17 as a whole, Zambia does not wish to undertake to grant to refugees rights of wage-earning employment more favourable than those granted to aliens generally.

Article 22 (1)

The Government of the Republic of Zambia wishes to state that it considers article 22 (1) to be a recommendation only and not a binding obligation to accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to nationals with respect to elementary education.

Article 26

The Government of the Republic of Zambia wishes to state with regard to article 26 that it reserves the right to designate a place or places of residence for refugees.

Article 28

The Government of the Republic of Zambia wishes to state with regard to article 28 that Zambia considers itself not bound to issue a travel document with a return clause in cases where a country of second asylum has accepted or indicated its willingness to accept a refugee from Zambia.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Refugees and their dependants would normally be subject to the same laws and regulations relating generally to the employment of non-Bahamians within the Commonwealth of the Bahama Islands, so long as they have not acquired Bahamian status.

refugees will be granted the same treatment accorded to nationals of foreign countries in general, with the exception of the preferential treatment extended to nationals of Portugal through the Friendship and Consultation Treaty of 1953 and Article 199 of the Brazilian Constitutional Amendment No. 1, of 1969.

Declaration

In depositing with the Secretary-General of the United Nations the instrument by which the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ratifies the Convention relating to the status of refugees, signed at Geneva on 28 July 1951, I have the honour to state that the Grand Ducal Government understands the words ‘events occurring before 1 January 1951’, in article 1, Section A of the Convention, to mean ‘events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951’, in accordance with alternative (a) in section B of the same article.

Reservation

In all cases where the Convention grants to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country, this provision shall not be interpreted as necessarily involving the regime accorded to nationals of countries with which the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has concluded regional, customs, economic or political agreements.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With reservation as to article 26.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The Government of the Somali Democratic Republic acceded to the Convention and Protocol on the understanding that nothing in the said Convention or Protocol will be construed to prejudice or adversely affect the national status, or political aspiration of displaced people from Somali Territories under alien domination.

It is in this spirit, that the Somali Democratic Republic will commit itself to respect the terms and provisions of the said Convention and Protocol.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

… The Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia wishes to place on record its objection to the above mentioned declaration and that it does not recognize it as valid on the ground that there are no Somali territories under alien domination.

The Government of Fiji stated that […] the first and fourth reservations made by the United Kingdom are affirmed but have been redrafted as more suitable to the application of Fiji in the following terms:

Commentary:

No arrangements exist in Fiji for the administrative assistance for which provision is made in article 25 nor have any such arrangements been found necessary in the case of refugees. Any need for the documents or certifications mentioned in paragraph 2 of that article would be met by affidavits.

All other reservations made by the United Kingdom to the above-mentioned Convention are withdrawn.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

[…] article 26:

For reasons of public policy (ordre public) the Rwandese Republic reserves the right to determine the place of residence of refugees and to establish limits to their freedom of movement.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With reservations in respect of article 12 (1), articles 20 and 22 (1), and articles 23 and 24.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Clarifications:

Ad article 17: The Government of the People's Republic of Angola accepts the obligations set forth in article 17, provided that:

Ad article 26: The Government of the People's Republic of Angola reserves the right to prescribe, transfer or circumscribe the place of residence of certain refugees or groups of refugees, and to restrict their freedom of movement, whenever considerations of national or international order make it advisable to do so.

The Government of the People's Republic of Angola also declares that the provisions of the Convention shall be applicable in Angola provided that they are not contrary to or incompatible with the constitutional and legal provisions in force in the People's Republic of Angola, especially as regards articles 7, 13, 15, 18 and 24 of the Convention. Those provisions shall not be construed so as to accord to any category of aliens resident in Angola more extensive rights than are enjoyed by Angolan citizens.

The Government of the People's Republic of Angola also considers that the provisions of articles 8 and 9 of the Convention cannot be construed so as to limit its right to adopt in respect of a refugee or group of refugees such measures as it deems necessary to safeguard national interests and to ensure respect for its sovereignty, whenever circumstances so require.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

In respect of articles 7, 13, 15, 19, 22 and 24

The Government of the Republic of Malawi considers these provisions as recommendations only and no legally binding obligations.

In respect of article 17

The Government of the Republic of Malawi does not consider itself bound to grant a refugee who fulfils any of the conditions set forth in subparagraphs a) to c) to paragraph 2 of Article 17 automatic exemption from the obligation to obtain a work permit.

In respect of Article 17 as a whole, the Government of the Republic of Malawi does not undertake to grant to refugees right of wage-earning employment more favourable than those granted to aliens generally.

In respect of article 26

The Government of the Republic of Malawi reserves its right to designate the place or places of residence of the refugees and to restrict their movements whenever considerations of national security or public order so require.

In respect of article 34

The Government of the Republic of Malawi is not bound to grant to refugees any more favourable naturalization facilities than are granted, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations, to aliens generally.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Taking into consideration Article 1(3) of the Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, done at New York on 31 January 1967, Romania shall apply alternative b) of Section B of Article 1 of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, signed at Geneva on 28 July 1951 for the purpose of defining its obligations under the above mentioned Convention.

… the mandatory declaration specifying which of the two meanings in Article 1(B) (1) a Contracting State applies for the purpose of its obligations under the Convention has been superceded by the provisions of Article 1 of the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees of 31 January, 1967. Furthermore, the previous dateline would render Malawi's accession nugatory.

Consequently, and since [the Government of the Republic of Malawi] is simultaneously acceding to the said Protocol, the obligations hereby assumed by the Government of the Republic of Malawi are not limited by the previous dateline or bounded by the concomitant geographic limitation in the Convention.… ’

When making the declaration under Section B of article 1 of the Convention, the Government of the Republic of Malawi intended and intends to apply the Convention and the protocol thereto liberally in the lines of article 1 of the protocol without being bounded by the geographic limitation or the dateline specified in the Convention.

In the view of the Government of the Republic of Malawi the formula in the Convention is static and the Government of the Republic of Malawi's position, as stated, merely seeks to assist in the progressive development of international law in this area as epitomised by the 1967 protocol. It is therefore the view of the Government of the Republic of Malawi that the declaration is consistent with the objects and purposes of the Convention and it entails the assumption of obligation beyond but perfectly consistent with those of the convention and the protocol thereto. ’

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Refugees and their dependants would normally be subjected to the same laws and regulations relating generally to the employment of non-Bahamas within the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, so long as they have not acquired status in the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

As far as the succession of the Republic of Slovenia to the convention relating to the Status of Refuees of 28 July 19[5]1 is concerned, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia suggests that the notification of succession be deemed as to include the declaration under Section B Article 1 of the Convention which was made by the former SFR Yugoslavia upon the deposit of its instrument of ratification.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

[…] reservations on the following articles:

The reservation made by China will also apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region.

The Republic of Guatemala accedes to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, with the reservation that it will not apply provisions of those instruments in respect of which the Convention allows reservations if those provisions contravene constitutional precepts in Guatemala or norms of public order under domestic law.

The expression ‘treatment as favourable as possible’ in all articles of the Convention and of the Protocol in which the expression is used should be interpreted as not including rights which, under law or treaty, the Republic of Guatemala has accorded or is according to nationals of the Central American countries or of other countries with which it has concluded or is entering into agreements of a regional nature.

The Federal Government views this reservation as being worded in such general terms that its application could conceivably mullify the provisions of the Convention and the Protocol. Consequently, this reservation cannot be accepted.

The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is of the opinion that a reservation phrased in such general terms and referring to the domestic law only is undesirable, since its scope is not entirely clear.

For this reason the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands raises objections to this reservation.

In respect of articles 13 and 22:

The Government of Mozambique will take these provisions as simple recommendation not binding it to accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to Mozambique with respect to elementary education and property.

In respect of articles 17 and 19:

The Government of Mozambique will interpret [these provisions] to the effect that it is not required to grant privileges from obligation to obtain a work permit.

As regards article 15:

The Government of Mozambique will not be bound to accord to refugees or group of refugees resident in its territory more extensive rights than those enjoyed by nationals with respect to the right of association and it reserves the right to restrict them in the interest of national security.

As regards article 26:

The Government of Mozambique reserves its right to designate place or places for principal residence for refugees or to restrict their freedom of movement whenever considerations of national security make it advisable.

As regards article 34:

The Government of Mozambique does not consider itself bound to grant to refugees facilities greater than those granted to other categories of aliens in general, with respect to naturalization laws.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

… the Republic of Nauru considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1B(1) thereof, that is to say ‘events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The Republic of Poland decides to accede to the said Convention, with the reservation that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 24, paragraph 2, of the Convention;

Subject to the aforementioned reservation, the provisions of the said Convention shall be scrupulously observed.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Withdrawal of reservations to Articles 24, 26 and 31 made upon accession.

The Republic of Korea declares, pursuant to Article 42, of the Convention that it is not bound by Article 7 which provides for the exemption of refugees from legislative reciprocity after fulfilling the condition of three years' residence in the territory of the Contracting States.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Withdrawal of reservation in respect of Article 7 made upon accession.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Subject to the following reservation in respect of article 26:

The Government of the Republic of Namibia reserves the right to designate a place or places for principal reception and residence for refugees or to restrict their freedom of movement if consideration of national security so required or make it advisable.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Subject to the following reservations

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of article 42 of the [said Convention], the Republic of Latvia declares that it does not consider itself bound by the article 8 and the article 34 of the Convention.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of the article 42 of the [said Convention], the Republic of Latvia, in respect of the article 26 of the Convention, reserves the right to designate the place or places of residence of the refugees whenever considerations of national security or public order so require.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of the article 42 of the [said Convention], the Republic of Latvia declares that the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of the article 17 and article 24 of the Convention it considers as recommendations and not legal obligations.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of the article 42 of the [said Convention], the Republic of Latvia declares that in all cases where the Convention grants to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country, this provision shall not be interpreted by the Government of the Republic of Latvia as necessarily involving the regime accorded to nationals of countries with which the Republic of Latvia had concluded regional customs, economic, political or social security agreements.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1 B (1) (of the Convention).

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

Having transmitted to the Secretary-General the Instrument of Accession of Ukraine simultaneously to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees, and in view of the fact that the Protocol provides in article I (2) that ‘the term ‘refugee’ shall…mean any person within the definition of article 1 of the Convention as if the words ‘As result of events occurring before 1 anuary[lees: January] 1951 and…’and the words ‘…as a result of such events’ in article 1 A (2) were omitted’ and thus modifies in effect the provisions of article 1 of the Convention, it is the position of the Government of Ukraine that no separate declaration under article 1 B(1) of the Convention is required in the circumstances.

… the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, … considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1B (1) thereof, that is to say event occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951.

In conformity with Article 42 of the Covention[lees: Convention], the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste accedes to the Convention with reservations in respect of Articles 16 (2), 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.

[…] the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan which considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1B (1) thereof, that is to say events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951.

The Republic of Montenegro considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1B (1) that is to say ‘events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

It will always be the task of the Government of Mexico to determine and grant, in accordance with its legal provisions in force, refugee status, without prejudice to the definition of a refugee provided for under article 1 of the Convention and article 1 of its Protocol.

The Government of Mexico has the power to grant refugees greater facilities for naturalization and assimilation than those accorded to aliens in general, within the framework of its population policy and, particularly, with regard to refugees, in accordance with its national legislation.

The Government of Mexico is convinced of the importance of ensuring that all refugees can obtain wage-earning employment as a means of subsistence and affirms that refugees will be treated, in accordance with the law, under the same conditions as aliens in general, including the laws and regulations which establish the proportion of alien workers that employers are authorized to employ in Mexico, and this will not affect the obligations of employers with regard to the employment of alien workers.

On the other hand, since the Government of Mexico is unable to guarantee refugees who meet any of the requirements referred to in article 17, paragraph 2 (a), (b) and (c), of the Convention, the automatic extension of the obligations for obtaining a work permit, it lodges an express reservation to these provisions.

The Government of Mexico reserves the right to assign, in accordance with its national legislation, the place or places of residence of refugees and to establish the conditions for moving within the national territory, for which reason it lodges an express reservation to articles 26 and 31 (2) of the Convention.

The Government of Mexico lodges an express reservation to article 32 of the Convention and, therefore refers to the application of article 33 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, without prejudice to observance of the principle of non-refoulement set forth in article 33 of the Convention.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) "Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951".

Withdrawal of the reservation to article 32 made upon accession.

The Government of Papua New Guinea in accordance with article 42 paragraph 1 of the Convention makes a reservation with respect to the provisions contained in Article 17(1), 21, 22(1), 31, 32 and 34 of the Convention and does not accept the obligations stipulated in these Articles.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

[…] In accordance with article 42, paragraph 2 of the Convention, I wish to communicate to you that Papua New Guinea withdraws its reservation with respect to the provisions contained in articles 17 (1), 21, 22 (1), 26, 31, 32 and 34 of the Convention in relations to refugees transferred by the Government of Australia to Papua New Guinea and accepts the obligations stipulated in these articles in relation to such persons. This withdrawal has immediate effect. The reservation remains in effect for all other persons […].

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With confirmation of the reservations made by the Government of the United Kingdom upon application of the Convention to the territory of Gambia.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

According to the paragraph 1, article 40 of the […] Convention, before the full restoration of the territorial integrity of Georgia, this Convention is applicable only to the territory where the jurisdiction of Georgia is exercised.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) ‘Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951’.