Protocol bij het Europees Verdrag tot bescherming van de rechten van de mens en de fundamentele vrijheden:verdragpartijgrp

Protocol bij het Europees Verdrag tot bescherming van de rechten van de mens en de fundamentele vrijheden

Partijen en gegevens

Geldend

Documentgegevens:

Geldend vanaf 18-05-1954

Redactionele toelichting: De partijen en gegevens zijn afkomstig van de Verdragenbank (verdragenbank.overheid.nl).
Bronpublicatie:: 20-03-1952, Trb. 1990, 157 (uitgifte: 16-11-1990, kamerstukken/regelingnummer: -)
Inwerkingtreding: 18-05-1954
Bronpublicatie inwerkingtreding:: 20-10-1954, Trb. 1954, 152 (uitgifte: 01-01-1954, kamerstukken/regelingnummer: -)
Vakgebied(en): Internationaal publiekrecht / Mensenrechten

Bronnen

Trb. 1952, 80

Trb. 1954, 152

Trb. 1956, 6

Trb. 1961, 9

Trb. 1970, 82

Trb. 1990, 157

Trb. 1994, 141

Trb. 1994, 165

Trb. 1998, 88

Trb. 1998, 95

Partijen

Partij	Datum inwerkingtreding	Voorbehoud
Albanië	02-10-1996	25, 34
Andorra	06-05-2008	41
Armenië	26-04-2002
Azerbeidzjan	15-04-2002	36
België	14-06-1955
Bosnië en Herzegovina	12-07-2002
Bulgarije	07-09-1992	17, 31
Cyprus	06-10-1962
Denemarken	18-05-1954	5, 22
Duitsland	13-02-1957	7, 9, 15, 16
Estland	16-04-1996	33
Finland	10-05-1990	24
Frankrijk	03-05-1974	1, 19
Georgië	07-06-2002	37, 38
Griekenland	18-05-1954	10, 23
Hongarije	05-11-1992
Ierland	18-05-1954
IJsland	18-05-1954
Italië	26-10-1955
Kroatië	05-11-1997
Letland	27-06-1997	27
Liechtenstein	14-11-1995
Litouwen	24-05-1996
Luxemburg	18-05-1954	3, 21
Malta	23-01-1967
Moldavië	12-09-1997	28
Montenegro	06-06-2006	39
het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (het Europese deel van Nederland)	31-08-1954	6
Noord-Macedonië	10-04-1997	26
Noorwegen	18-05-1954
Oekraïne	11-09-1997	29
Oostenrijk	03-09-1958	8
Polen	10-10-1994
Portugal	09-11-1978	12
Roemenië	20-06-1994	32
Russische Federatie	05-05-1998	42
San Marino	22-03-1989	13
Servië	03-03-2004	40
Slovenië	28-06-1994
Slowakije	01-01-1993	11
Spanje	27-11-1990	20, 30
Tsjechië	01-01-1993	11
Tsjechoslowakije	18-03-1992	11
Turkije	18-05-1954	4
Verenigd Koninkrijk	18-05-1954	14, 35
Zweden	18-05-1954	2, 18

Voorbehouden, verklaringen en bezwaren

1	Bekrachtiging door Frankrijk onder toepasselijkverklaring van het Protocol op het gehele grondgebied van de Republiek.
2	Bekrachtiging door Zweden onder het volgende voorbehoud: Sous réserve relative à l'article 2 du Protocole, réserve portant que la Suède ne peut accorder aux parents le droit d'obtenir, en se référant à leur conviction philosophique, dispense pour leur enfants de l'obligation de prendre par à certaines parties de l'enseignement des écoles publiques et portant aussi que la dispense de l'obligation de prendre part à l'enseignement du christianisme dans ses écoles ne peut être accordée que pour les enfants d'une autre profession de fois que l'église suédoise, en faveur desquels une instruction religieuse satisfaisante a été organisée, cette réserve se fondant sur les dispositions du règlement nouveau du 17 mars 1933 pour les établissements d'enseignement secondaire du Royaume et les dispositions analogues concernant les autres établissements d'enseignements. ’ Zweden heeft op 01-12-1994 het voorbehoud met betrekking tot artikel 2 ingetrokken, per 01-01-1995.
3	Bekrachtiging door Luxemburg onder het volgende voorbehoud: Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, Vu l'article 64 de la Convention de sauvegarde des Droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales, Désirant éviter toute incertitude en ce qui concerne l'application de l'article 1er du Protocole additionnel par rapport à la loi luxembourgeoise du 26 avril 1951, qui concerne la liquidation de ce rtains biens, droits et intérêts ci-devant ennemis, soumis à des mesures de séquestre, Déclare réserver les dispositions de la loi du 26 avril 1951 désignée ci-dessus. ’
4	Bekrachtiging door Turkije onder de volgende verklaring: L'article 2 du Protocole additionnel ne porte pas atteinte aux dispositions de la Loi no. 430 du 3 mars 1924 relative à l'unification de l'enseignement. ’
5	Toepasselijkverklaring door Denemarken voor Groenland op 13-04-1953.
6	Toepasselijkverklaring door Nederland voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen op 01-12-1955 (iwtr. 31-12-1955). Vanaf 01-01-1986 geldt het Protocol, hetwelk tevoren voor Nederland en de Nederlandse Antillen gold, voor Nederland, de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba.
7	Bekrachtiging door de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland onder de volgende verklaring: La République fédérale d'Allemagne adhère à l'opinion selon laquelle la 2ème phrase de l'article 2 du Protocole additionnel ne crée pour l'Etat aucune obligation de financer des écoles de caractère religieux ou philosophique, ou de participer à leur financement, cette question n'entrant pas, selon la déclaration unanime de la Commission des questions juridiques de l'Assemblée Consultative et du Secrétaire Général du Conseil de l'Europe dans le cadre de la Convention sur les Droits de l'Homme et des Libertés fondamentales ainsi que du Protocole additionnel. ’
8	Bekrachtiging door Oostenrijk onder de volgende verklaring: Le Président Fédéral, désireux d'éviter toute incertitude quant à l'application de l'article 1 du Protocole additionnel par rapport au Traité d'Etat portant rétablissement d'une Autriche indépendante et démocratique, en date du 15 mai 1955, déclare ratifié le Protocole additionnel sans préjudice des dispositions de la Partie IV ‘Réclamations nées de la guerre’ et de la Partie V ‘Biens, droits et intérêts’ dudit Traité d'Etat. ’
9	Inwerkingtreding voor het Saargebied vanaf 18-05-1954. Toepasselijkverklaring door de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland voor het ‘Land’ Berlijn op 28-03-1957 (iwtr. 27-04-1957, met terugwerkende kracht, te rekenen van 13-02-1957).
10	De Regering van Griekenland heeft bij kennisgeving van 12-12-1969 het onderhavige Protocol opgezegd. In overeenstemming met artikel 65, eerste lid, van het Verdrag, zijn de bepalingen van het Protocol op 13-07-1970 voor Griekenland buiten werking getreden. Op 28-11-1974 heeft Griekenland het Protocol opnieuw bekrachtigd. De bekrachtiging geschiedde onder het volgende voorbehoud: For the application of Article 2 of the 1952 Protocol, the Government of Greece, in view of certain provisions of the Education Acts in force in Greece, formulates a reservation according to which the principle affirmed in the second sentence of Article 2, is accepted only so far as it is compatible with the provision of efficient instruction and training, and the avoidance of unreasonable public expenditure.
11	Op 30-06-1993 is door het Comité van Ministers van de Raad van Europa besloten dat Tsjechië en Slowakije vanaf 01-01-1993 als partij bij onder meer het onderhavige Protocol dienen te worden beschouwd.
12	Bekrachtiging door Portugal onder de volgende voorbehouden: — A l'Article 1er du Protocole No. 1, en ce qui concernait la possibilité, dans des termes à déterminer par la loi, que les expropriations des possesseurs de latifundia et des grands propriétaires, chefs d'entreprises ou actionnaires ne donnent lieu à aucune indemnisation; — A l'Article 2 du Protocole No. 1, en ce qui concernait le caractère non-confessionnel de l'enseignement public et la supervision par l'Etat de l'enseignement privé. Op 11-05-1987 heeft Portugal beide voorbehouden ingetrokken.
13	Bekrachtiging door San Marino onder het volgende voorbehoud: The Government of the Republic of San Marino declares that having regard to the provisions of law in force which govern the use of goods in conformity with the general interest, the principle set forth in Article 1 of the Additional Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, opened for signature, in Paris, on 20 march 1952, has no bearing on the regulations in force concerning the real estate of foreign citizens. (vertaling)
14	Het Protocol is op 25-02-1988 in overeenstemming met artikel 4 toepasselijk verklaard door het Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland op: het Baljuwschap Guernsey, het Baljuwschap Jersey, Anguilla, de Britse Maagden-eilanden, de Cayman-eilanden, Gibraltar, Montserrat, St. Helena en onderhorigheden en de Turks- en Caicoseilanden. De toepasselijkverklaring geschiedde onder de volgende voorbehouden: 1. In view of certain provisions of the Education (Guernsey) Laws and of the Education Ordinance of Gibraltar, the principle affirmed in the second sentence of Article 2 is accepted by the United Kingdom only so far as it is compatible with the provision of efficient instruction and training, and the avoidance of unreasonable public expenditure in Guernsey and Gibraltar. 2. The principle affirmed in the second sentence of Article 2 is accepted by the United Kingdom only insofar as it does not affect the application of the following legal provisions: (i) the common law of Anguilla which permits the imposition by teachers of moderate and reasonable corporal punishment; (ii) section 26 of the Education Act 1977 of the British Virgin Islands (which permits the administration of corporal punishment to a pupil only where no other punishment is considered suitable or effective and only by the principal or any teacher appointed by the principal for that purpose); (iii) section 30 of the Education Law 1983 of the Cayman Islands (which permits the administration of corporal punishment to a pupil only where no other punishment is considered suitable or effective and only by the principal or any teacher appointed in writing by him for that purpose); (iv) the common law of Montserrat which permits the imposition by teachers of moderate and reasonable corporal punishment; (v) the law of St Helena, which permits the administration by teachers of reasonable corporal punishment; and section 6 of the Children and Young Persons Ordinance 1965 of St Helena (which states that the right of a teacher to administer such punishment is not affected by the provisions of that section which relate to the offence of cruelty to children); (vi) the law of St Helena dependencies, which permits the administration by teachers of reasonable corporal punishment; and section 6 of the Children and Young Persons Ordinance 1965 of St Helena (which states that the right of a teacher to administer such punishmnent is not affected by the provisions of that section which relate to the offence of cruelty to children); (vii) the common law of the Turks and Caicos Islands which permits the administration by teachers of reasonable corporal punishment; and section 5 of the Juveniles Ordinance (Chapter 28) of the Turks and Caicos Islands (which states that the right of a teacher to administer such punishment is not affected by the provisions of that section which relate to the offence of cruelty to juveniles). . Het Verenigd Koninkrijk heeft op 14-08-2009 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: In accordance with Article 4 of the Protocol, the Government of the United Kingdom declares that the application of Article 3 of the said Protocol is withdrawn in respect of the Turks and Caicos Islands. . Het Verenigd Koninkrijk heeft op 19-12-2012 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: On 15 October 2012, the new constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands came into force. Elections were held on 9 November 2012: there was an 84% turnout of voters. International election observers concluded that the process was transparent, accountable and that the results reflected the will of the people. In light of these welcome and significant developments, in accordance with Article 4 of Protocol No. 1, the United Kingdom now ends its withdrawal of the application of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 to the Turks and Caicos Islands, such as that the Article 3 of the Protocol No. 1 will once again apply there.
15	De op 26-06-1981 door de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland afgelegde verklaringen met betrekking tot de erkenning van de bevoegdheid van de Europese Commissie voor de rechten van de mens om verzoekschriften in ontvangst te nemen en de aanvaarding van de rechtsmacht van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens hebben mede betrekking op het Protocol.
16	De Bondsrepubliek Duitsland zond op 02-10-1990 een nota aan de Secretaris-Generaal van de Raad van Europa inzake de voortgezette toepassing vanaf 03-10-1990 van de verdragen waarbij de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland op die datum partij was. Het voor dit Protocol relevante gedeelte van de nota luidt als volgt: The Permanent Representation of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Council of Europe presents its compliments to the General Secretariat of the Council of Europe and has the honour to inform the Secretariat that, with regard to the continued application of treaties of the Federal Republic of Germany and the treatment of treaties of the German Democratic Republic following its accession to the Federal Republic of Germany with effect from 3 October 1990, the Treaty of 31 August 1990 between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic on the establishment of German unity (Unification Treaty) contains the following relevant provisions. 1. Article 11 Treaties of the Federal Republic of Germany The contracting parties proceed on the understanding that international treaties and agreements to which the Federal Republic of Germany is a contracting party, including treaties establishing membership of international organizations or institutions, shall retain their validity and that the rights and obligations arising therefrom, with the exception of the treaties named in Annex I, shall also relate to the territory specified in Article 3 of this Treaty, where adjustments become necessary in individual cases, the all-German Government shall consult with the respective contracting parties. (The treaties listed in Annex I concern matters of status and security.) … The Federal Republic of Germany will proceed in accordance with these provisions. .
17	Bekrachtiging door Bulgarije onder het volgende voorbehoud: Réserve Les dispositions de la deuxième disposition de l'article 1 du Protocole additionnel ne portent pas atteinte au champ d'application ni au contenu de l'article 22, alinéa 1, de la Constitution de la République de Bulgarie, selon lequel: ‘ Les étrangers et les personnes morales étrangères ne peuvent pas acquérir le droit de propriété sur la terre, sauf dans le cas de succession conformément à la loi. Dans ce cas, ceux-ci doivent transférer leur propriété. .
18	De door Zweden afgelegde verklaringen, gedateerd 30-04-1981, 26-04-1991 en 03-05-1996 met betrekking tot de aanvaarding van de rechtsmacht van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens heeft mede betrekking op het Protocol.
19	De door Frankrijk op 16-07-1980 en 20-10-1983 afgelegde verklaringen met betrekking tot de aanvaarding van de rechtsmacht van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens hebben mede betrekking op het Protocol.
20	Bekrachtiging door Spanje onder het volgende voorbehoud: Réserve L'Espagne, conformément à l'article 64 de la Convention de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales, dans le but d'éviter toute incertitude concernant l'application de l'article 1 du Protocole, formule une réserve, à la lumière de l'article 33 de la Constitution espagnole, qui établit ce qui suit: 1. Le droit à la propriété privée et à l'héritage est reconnu. 2. La fonction sociale de ces droits délimitera leur contenu, conformément aux lois. 3. Nul ne pourra être privé de ses biens et de ses droits, sauf pour une cause justifiée d'utilité publique ou d'intérêt social contre l'indemnité correspondante et conformément aux dispositions de la loi. .
21	De op 06-06-1981 en 26-07-1986 door Luxemburg afgelegde verklaringen met betrekking tot de erkenning van de bevoegdheid van de Europese Commissie voor de rechten van de mens om verzoekschriften in ontvangst te nemen en de aanvaarding van de rechtsmacht van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens hebben mede betrekking op het Protocol.
22	De door Denemarken afgelegde verklaringen, gedateerd 22-03-1982, met betrekking tot de erkenning van de bevoegdheid van de Europese Commissie voor de rechten van de mens om verzoekschriften in ontvangst te nemen en de aanvaarding van de rechtsmacht van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens hebben mede betrekking op dit Protocol.
23	De door Griekenland op 20-11-1985 afgelegde verklaring met betrekking tot de erkenning van de bevoegdheid van de Europese Commissie voor de rechten van de mens om verzoekschriften in ontvangst te nemen heeft mede betrekking op het onderhavige Protocol. De Regering van Griekenland heeft op 19-10-1994 de verklaring afgelegd met betrekking tot de erkenning van de bevoegdheid van de Europese Commissie voor de rechten van de mens om verzoekschriften in ontvangst te nemen, verlengd vanaf 20-11-1994, en heeft op 02-11-1994 de verklaring afgelegd met betrekking tot de aanvaarding van de rechtsmacht van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens, verlengd vanaf 24-06-1994, beide voor een nieuwe periode van drie jaar.
24	Finland heeft op 10-05-1990 verklaringen met betrekking tot de erkenning van de bevoegdheid van de Europese Commissie voor de rechten van de mens om verzoekschriften in ontvangst te nemen en de aanvaarding van de rechtsmacht van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens afgelegd voor onbepaalde tijd, vanaf 10-05-1990.
25	Bekrachtiging door Albanië onder het volgende voorbehoud met toelichting: Article 3 of the Protocol shall be applied in accordance with the provisions of Albanian Laws No. 8001 dated 22.09.1995 and No. 8043 dated 30.11.1995, for a period of 5 (five) years from the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification. Explanatory Note In compliance with Article 64 of this Convention, the Republic of Albania wishes to present its reservations in relation to Article 3 of the Protocol, in the sense that the content of this Article will be implemented in conformity with the provisions of Law No. 8001, dated 22.09.1995, as well as Law No. 8043, dated 30.11.1995 of the Republic of Albania, for a period of five years as of the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification. Law No. 8001, dated 22.09.1995 ‘On Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity Committed in Albania during the Communist Rule for Political, Ideological and Religious Motives’, and Law No. 8043, dated 30.11.1995 ‘On Verification of the Official Figures and Other Persons related to the Protection of the Democratic State’, envisage inter alia, that, election to the central or local organs of power is prohibited, until 31 December 2001, to the authors, to those who conspired and to those who executed crimes against humanity committed in Albania during the communist rule for political, ideological or religious motives and who, up until 31 March 1991 have been: former members or alternate members of the Political Bureau, secretaries or members of the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania (and Communist Party of Albania), former First Secretaries of District Party of Labour Committees and similar rank, employees in the sectors covering the state security in the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania, former ministers, former members of the Presidential Council, former Chairman of the Supreme Court, former General Prosecutors, former members of Parliament, with the exception of those cases who have acted contrary to the official line and have resigned publicly, as well as former employees of the state security service, former collaborators of the state security, and those who acted as witness for the prosecution to the detriment of the defendant in political trials, former investigators, judges in special political trials, former agents of some foreign intelligence service or their homologues. Recently, with its Law No. 8151 dated 12.09.1996, ‘On Amendments to the Law No. 7573, dated 16.06.1992 on Elections of the Organs of Local Authorities’, the People's Assembly of the Republic of Albania has considerably narrowed the scope of application of Law No. 8001, dated 22.09.1995 ‘On Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity Committed in Albania during the Communist Rule for Political, Ideological and Religious Motives’, as well as of Law No. 8043, dated 30.11.1995 ‘On Verification of Official Figures and Other Persons related to the Protection of the Democratic State’. As a result of this amendment, the previous laws mentioned above do not extend their scope of application to candidates for and persons elected to local councils, as well as to candidates for and persons elected as chairmen of communes. Referring to concrete figures with regard to local elections, and as a result of the recent amendments, the number of cases that should have been verified drops from about 60 (sixty) thousand for 5,764 posts to about 800 for 64 posts. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs kindly request the Secretary General of the Council of Europe to attach this explanatory note on the Albanian position as a formal Annex to the instrument of ratification. .
26	Bekrachtiging door Noord-Macedonië onder het volgende voorbehoud: ‛ In accordance with Article 64 of the Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, the Republic of Macedonia makes the following reservation with regard to the rights guaranteed by Article 2 of the Protocol to the abovementioned Convention: Pursuant to Article 45 of the Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, the right of parents to ensure education and teaching in conformity with their own religious and philosophical convictions cannot be realised through primary private education, in the Republic of Macedonia. ‛ Article 45 of the Constitution reads as follows: Citizens have a right to establish private schools at all levels of education, with the exception of primary education, under conditions determined by law. ’ .
27	Bekrachtiging door Letland onder het volgende voorbehoud, met bijlage: In accordance with Article 64 of the Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of 1950, the Republic of Latvia declares that the provisions of Article 1 of the First Protocol shall not apply to the laws on property reform which regulate the restoration or compensation to the former owners or their legal heirs of property nationalised, confiscated, collectivised or otherwise unlawfully expropriated during the period of Soviet annexation; and privatisation of collectvised agricultural enterprises, collective fisheries and of State and local self-government owned property. The reservation concerns the Law On Land Reform in the Republic of Latvia Rural Regions (published in Zinotajs [The Bulleting] 1990, No. 49; 1991, No. 41; 1992, No. 6/7; 1992, No. 11/12; 1993, No. 18/19; Latvijas Vestnesis [The Latvian Herald] 1994, No. 137), Law On Privatisation of Agricultural Enterprises and Collective Fisheries (Zinotajs 1991, No. 31; 1992, No. 40/41; 1993, No. 5/6; Latvijas Vestnesis 1995, No. 90; 1996, No. 177), Law On Land Reform in the Republic of Latvia Cities (Zinotajs 1991, No. 49/50; Latvijas Vestnesis 1994, No. 47; 1994, No. 145; 1995, No. 169; 1997, No. 126/127), Law On Land Privatisation in Rural Regions (Zinotajs 1992, No. 32; 1993, No. 18/19; Latvijas Vestnesis 1993, No. 130; 1994, No. 148; 1995, No. 162; 1996, No. 111; 1996, No. 225), Law On Privatisation of Property in Agroservice Enterprises (Zinotajs 1993, No. 14), Law On Privatisation Certificates (Latvijas Vestnesis 1995, No. 52), Law On the Privatisation of Objects of State and Municipal Property (Latvijas Vestnesis 1994, No. 27; 1994, No. 77; 1996, No. 192; 1997, No. 16/17/18/19/20/21), Law On Privatisation of Co-operative Apartments (Zinotajs 1991, No. 51; Latvijas Vestnesis 1995, No. 135), Law On the Privatisation of State and Local Self-Government Apartment Houses (Latvijas Vestnesis 1995, No. 103; 1996, No. 149; 1996, No. 223), Law On Denationalisation of Real Estate in the Republic of Latvia (1991, No. 46; Latvijas Vestnesis 1994, No. 42; 1994, No. 90; 1995, No. 137; 1996, No. 219/220), Law On the Return of Real Estate to the Legitimate Owners (Zinotajs 1991, No. 46; Latvijas Vestnesis 1994, No. 42; 1996, No. 97) and their wording being in force at the moment the Law On Ratification entered into force. Annex to the reservation In addition to the reservation to Article 1 of the First Protocol, made in accordance with Article 64 of the Convention, the Republic of Latvia hereby gives a brief summary of the laws concerned. The goal of the Law On Land Reform in the Republic of Latvia Rural Regions is to allocate the land for paying use to natural persons and legal persons and to renew to the Republic of Latvia citizens, who desire so, the land ownership rights in the procedure stipulated by law or to deliver the land into ownership without compensation or for pay. The Law On Privatisation of Agricultural Enterprises and Collective Fisheries regulates privatisation of agricultural enterprises and collective fisheries. The objective of the Law is to decrease sequels of unlawful methods of collectivisation changing the forms of property in agricutural enterprises and collective fisheries as well as to promote the process of privatisation in agriculture and development of private entrepreneurial activity. The aim of the Law On Land Reform in the Republic of Latvia Cities, during the gradual process of State property denationalisation, conversion, privatisation and the return of unlawfully expropriated land, is to restructure the legal, social and economic relations between city land owners and users in order to promote the respective city's construction, land protection and its rational utilisation in accordance with the interests of society. The main objectives of the Law On Land Privatisation in Rural Regions are: 1. to create a basis and guarantees for agricutural development; 2. to renew land ownership rights to the former landowners who owned the land on July 21, 1940 or their heirs; and 3. to give the land into ownership of the Republic of Latvia citizens for compensation. The Law On Privatisation of Property in Agroservice Enterprises regulates the change of ownership rights on property under the use and disposal of agroservice enterprises. The main objective of the Law is to promote the development of enterpreneurial activity in this branch by property privatisation, and to create conditions for organisation of the system for protection of the interests of agricultural producers on the basis of co-operation and competition. The Law establishes the rights of the State and local self-governments, agricutural producers and employees of an enterprise, as well as of other natural persons and legal persons, and the procedure by which the ownership rights on the property under use and disposal of agroservice enterprise shall be obtained or specified. The goal of the Law On Privatisation Certificates is to establish a legal basis for most of Latvia's residents to participate in the process of privatisation of State and local self-government owned property, using privatisation certificates as form of payment. Certificates are issued to Latvia's residents according to the years of residence in Latvia. Additional certificates can be issued to former owners or their heirs, as compensation for illegally nationalised real estate which cannot be returned; politically repressed persons who are recognised as such, according to the Republic of Latvia Law of May 13, 1992 ‘On the Determination of the Status of a Politically Repressed Person’, corresponding to time of imprisonment, deportation or time of settling. The Law On the Privatisation of Objects of State and Municipal Property determines the procedure for privatisation of objects of State and local self-government property, as far as it is not regulated by other laws, as well as the establishment and operational principles of the Latvian Privatisation Agency. The Law On Privatisation of Co-operative Apartments establishes the legal basis for the privatisation of the co-operative dwelling fund of house-building co-operatives in the territory of the Republic of Latvia. Apartments in large dwelling houses owned by house-building co-operatives shall be considered as the object of privatisation. The Law On the Privatisation of State and Local Self-Governments Apartment Houses establishes the procedure for privatising State and local self-government apartment houses, and the goal is to develop the real estate market and stimulate the upkeep of apartment houses, while protecting the interests of residents. The Law On Denationalisation of Real Estate defines the real estate which can be denationalised, fixes the terms and procedure of denationalisation, the form of compensation and social guarantees of present tenants. The Law On the Return of Real Estate to the Legitimate Owners guarantees that the real which has been expropriated by the State in the 1940s–1980s without compensation will be returned to the former owners or their legal heirs. .
28	Bekrachtiging door Moldavië onder de volgende verklaring: La République de Moldova interprète les dispositions comprises dans la deuxième phrase de l'article 2 du premier Protocole additionnel de manière à ne pas imposer à l'Etat des obligations financières supplémentaires visant les établissements scolaires d'orientation philosophique ou religieuses, autres que celles prévues par la législation interne. .
29	Bekrachtiging door Oekraïne onder verklaringen en voorbehouden.
30	Bekrachtiging door Spanje onder de volgende verklaring: Déclaration L'Espagne conformément à l'article 5 du Protocole Additionnel, réitère les déclarations formulées concernant les articles 25 et 46 de la Convention européene des droits de l'homme, et par conséquent reconnaît la compétence de la Commission européene des droits de l'homme et la juridiction de la Cour européene des droits de l'homme, pour les demandes formées pour des faits postérieurs à la date de dépôt de l'instrument de ratification du Protocole Additionnel et en particulier, concernant les procédures d'expropriation entamées dans le cadres interne postérieurement à cette date. .
31	Bekrachtiging door Bulgarije onder de volgende verklaring: Déclaration La deuxième disposition de l'article 2 du Protocole additionnel ne doit pas être interprétée comme imposant à l'Etat des engagements financiers supplémentaires relatifs aux établissements scolaires d'orientation philosophique ou religieuse, autres que les engagements prévus pour l'Etat bulgare par la Constitution et la législation en vigueur dans le pays. .
32	Bekrachtiging door Roemenië onder de volgende verklaring: La Roumanie interprète l'article 2 du premier Protocole additionnel à la Convention comme ne pas imposant d'obligations financières supplémentaires concernant les institutions d'enseignement privé, autres que celles établies par la loi interne. .
33	Bekrachtiging door Estland onder het volgende voorbehoud: Reservation The Estonian Rigikogu made a reservation according to which after restoring her independence, Estonia started large-scale economic and social reforms, which have encompassed the restoration or compensation to previous owners or their heirs property which was nationalised or otherwise unlawfully expropriated during the period of Soviet annexation; the restructuring of collectivised agriculture and privatisation of state owned property. In accordance with Article 64 of the Convention, the Republic of Estonia declares that the provisions of Article 1 of the First Protocol shall not apply to the laws on property reform which regulate the restoration or compensation of property nationalised, confiscated, requisitioned, collectivised or otherwise unlawfully expropriated during the period of Soviet annexation; the restructuring of collectivised agriculture and privatisation of state owned property. The reservation concerns the Principles of the Property Reform Act (published in Riigi Teataja [State Gazette] 1991, 21, 257; RT I 1994, 38, 617; 40, 653; 51, 859; 94, 1609), the Land Reform Act (RT 1991, 34, 426; RT I 1995,, 10, 113), the Agricultural Reform Act (RT 1992, 10, 143; 36, 474; RT I 1994, 52, 880), the Privatisation Act (RT I 1993, 45, 639; 1994, 50, 846; 79, 1329; 83, 1448; 1995, 22, 327; 54, 881; 57, 979), the Dwelling Rooms Privatisation Act (RT I 1993, 23, 411; 1995, 44, 671; 57, 979; 1996, 2, 28), the Act on Evaluation and Compensation of Unlawfully Expropriated Property (RT I 1993, 30, 509; 1994, 8, 106; 51, 859; 54, 905; 1995, 29, 357), the Act on Evaluation of Collectivised Property (RT I 1993, 7, 104) and their wording being in force at the moment of the Ratification Act entered into force. Declaration In addition to the reservation to Article 1 of the First Protocol, made in accordance with Article 64 of the Convention, the Republic of Estonia hereby gives a brief summary of the laws mentioned in the reservation. The Principles of the Property Reform Act provides that the objective of property reform is the restructuring of property relationships to secure proprietary integrity and free enterprise, to remedy the injustices done by violations of the right to property and to provide prerequisites for a switch to a market oriented economy. In the course of property reform, property will be compensated for or returned to the former owners or their legal heirs. Herewith other people's interests which are protected by law must not be violated nor new injustices be caused to them. In the course of property reform, property unlawfully expropriated during the period of June 16, 1940 to June 1, 1981 by means of nationalisation, collectivisation or expropriation through unlawful repression or other means violating the rights of the owner, will be returned or compensated. In the course of property reform, the form of ownership will be changed as follows: 1. some of the state-owned property will be municipalised withou charge; 2. state-owned or municipally-owned property will be privatised free of charge or for remuneration; 3. property which was transferred free of charge by the state (during the Soviet annexation) to cooperatives, state-cooperatives and communal organisations, will be returned to the Republic of Estonia. The procedure of restoration and compensation of unlawfully expropriated property is regulated by laws and other legal acts. The Land Reform Act establishes that land reform is a part of property reform and its objective is to restructure legal relationships based on state-owned land to relationships based on private land, proceeding form the continuity of the rights of the former owners and the interests of the present land-users as protected by law. In the course of the land reform, land: 1. unlawfully expropriated will be compensated, substituted by or returned to the former owners or their legal heirs; 2. will be given with or without charge into the possession of private-law persons, public-law persons or municipal entities; 3. that is to remain in the state possession will be decided upon; 4. will be transferred for use by private or legal persons by contract or along with the building title. Land that is not returned, nor substituted, nor left in state possession, nor given to municipal possession under the present law, will be privatised. The Agricultural Reform Act provides that agricultural reform proceeds from the Principles of the Property Act. In the course of agricultural reform, collectivised property will be returned or compensated for and the collective unit will be reorganised or liquidated. Evaluation of the collectivised property is carried out in accordance with the Act on Evaluation of Collectivised Property. In the course of agricultural reform the transformation of the agricultural sector is principally aimed towards farming and enterprise based on private ownership. The Privatisation Act provides that the property of state-owned or municipally-owned enterprises, institutions and organisations may be privatised under the conditions and rules set out by law. The Privatisation Agency regulates privatisation of state property and fulfilment of other tasks deriving from the property reform. The Privatisation Act is not applied to the privatisation of dwelling rooms in the possession of the state or municipalities, nor to non-dwelling rooms located in dwelling houses, nor to the property of cooperatives referred to in the Agricultural Reform Act. The Dwelling Rooms Privatisation Act provides that natural persons and legal persons will be given the opportunity to acquire the dwelling rooms they are renting, uninhabited dwelling rooms, thus providing for better care and preservation of the dwelling houses. The Act on Evaluation and Compensation of Unlawfully Expropriated Property defines the foundations and rules, as well as the means and scope of compensation, for determining the price of unlawfully expropriated property dealt with under the property reform. The Act on Evaluation of Collectivised Property provides the procedure and grounds for determining the price of property as required for the compensation of collectivised property in accordance with Article 14 of the Principles of Property Reform Act which deals with the return and compensation of collectivised property, and Article 9 of the Agricultural Reform Act that deals with loans and other material obligations of the collective economic unit. .
34	Albanië verklaarde bij de bekrachtiging dat de verklaringen afgelegd bij het Verdrag met betrekking tot de erkenning van de bevoegdheid van de Europese Commissie voor de rechten van de mens om verzoekschriften in ontvangst te nemen en de aanvaarding van de rechtsmacht van het Europese Hof voor de rechten van de mens mede van toepassing zijn op het onderhavige Protocol.
35	Het Verenigd Koninkrijk heeft op 09-10-2001 de volgende verklaring afgelegd en het volgende voorbehoud gemaakt: ‛ In accordance with Article 4 of the Protocol, the Government of the United Kingdom declares that the Protocol shall apply to the Isle of Man being a territory for whose international relations the Government of the United Kingdom is responsible, subject to the following reservation. In view of certain provisions of the Education Act 2001 (of Tynwald) or, until the coming into operation of that Act, the Isle of Man Education Act 1949, the principle affirmed in the second sentence of Article 2 is accepted by the United Kingdom only so far as it is compatible with the provision of efficient instruction and training, and the avoidance of unreasonable public expenditure in the Isle of Man. .
36	Bekrachtiging door Azerbeidzjan van het Protocol onder de volgende verklaringen: The Republic of Azerbaijan declares that it is unable to guarantee the application of the provisions of the Protocol in the territories occupied by the Republic of Armenia until these territories are liberated from that occupation (the schematic map of the occupied territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan is enclosed). The Republic of Azerbaijan declares that it interprets the second sentence of Article 2 of the Protocol in the sense that this provision does not impose on the State any obligation to finance religious education. .
37	Bekrachtiging door Georgië onder de volgende verklaring: The Parliament of Georgia declares that: 1. Article 1 of the Protocol shall not apply to persons who have or will obtain status of ‘internally displaced persons’ in accordance with ‘the Law of Georgia on Internally Displaced Persons’ until the elimination of circumstances motivating the granting of this status (until the restoration of the territorial integrity of Georgia). In accordance with the aforementioned law, Georgia assumes responsibility to ensure the exercise of rights over property that exist on the place of permanent residence of internally displaced persons after the reasons mentioned in Article 1, paragraph 1, of this law have been eliminated. 2. Article 1 of the Protocol shall be applied to the operational sphere of ‘the Law of Georgia on the Ownership of Agricultural Land’ in accordance with the requirements of Articles 4, 8, 15 and 19 of this Law. 3. Article 1 of the Protocol shall be applied within the limits of Articles 2 and 3 of the Law of Georgia on Transference into Private Property of the Non-Agricultural Lands Being in Possession of Natural Persons and Legal Persons of Private Law’. 4. Article 1 of the Protocol shall be applied within the limits of the ‘Law of Georgia on Privatisation of the State Property’. 5. With regard to the compensation of pecuniary assets placed on accounts of the former Georgian publiccommercial banks, Article 1 of the Protocol shall be applied within the limits of the normative act adopted in pursuance of the Decree No. 258 of the President of Georgia of 2 July 2001.
38	Bekrachtiging door Georgië onder het volgende voorbehoud: Georgia declares that it interprets Article 2 of the Protocol as not imposing on the State additional financial commitments relating to special educational establishments (with a specific philosophical or religious orientation) other than those provided by the legislation of Georgia.
39	Verklaring van voortgezette gebondenheid van Montenegro op 14-06-2006.
40	Verklaring van voortgezette gebondenheid van Montenegro op 14-06-2006.
41	Ratificatie door Andorra onder de volgende verklaring: Considering the historical reality of the principality of Andorra, of Catholic tradition, with a Coprince being a bishop since the XIIIth century, the actual legislation on education (Article 30, paragraph 3, of the Constitution of the principality of Andorra; Article 10 of the Organic Law on education and Article 19 of the Law on the prioritization of the Andorran instructive system) allows to give Catholic religion lessons in all educational centres, on an optional basis, outside the scholastic timetable. Other religions can offer their study in the educational centres, outside the scholastic timetable, with the approval of the Government and the education representatives and without implicating public expenditures.
42	De depositaris deelt op 25-03-2022 het volgende mede betreffende het lidmaatschap van de Russische Federatie: Depositary communication. In accordance with Resolution CM/Res(2022)3 adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 23 March 2022, the Russian Federation shall cease to be a Party to Treaty ETS No. 5 on 16 September 2022. Buitenwerkingtreding voor de Russische Federatie per 16-09-2022.