1 | Ondertekening door Cyprus onder de volgende verklaring: The Government of Cyprus wishes to avail itself of the reservations provided for in paragraphs a, b and d of Appendix I to the Convention.
|
|---|
2 | Ratificatie door Denemarken onder de volgende verklaring: Denmark requires requests and supporting documents to be accompanied by a translation into Danish or English. As regards enforcement of the sanctions of fines, mitigated imprisonment, imprisonment and confiscation, the Convention shall
not apply as between Denmark and Finland, Norway and Sweden, seeing that these matters have already been regulated by uniform
legislation in the four countries.
Under Danish law a fine cannot be converted into a sanction involving deprivation of liberty on the ground that the fine cannot
be exacted.
List of Sanctions applied and enforced in Denmark: - 1.
- 2.
- 3.
sentences involving deprivation of liberty: - a)
imprisonment which may be inflicted for life or for a specified term, normally covering not less than 30 days and not more
than 16 years; where the term is three months or over, the sentence is generally served in one of the large State prisons;
otherwise in one of the small local prisons;
- b)
youth prison, which if considered expedient, may be inflicted on persons between 15 and 21 years of age or, in appropriate
cases, up to 23 years of age in lieu of ordinary imprisonment; the penalty of youth prison is indeterminate; as a principal
rule release may take place at the earliest on the expiration of twelve months, the maximum term being normally three years;
such penalities are served in special youth prisons;
- c)
simple detention, which is normally inflicted for a term ranging from seven days to six months. The Danish Criminal Code provides for application of the following measures in lieu of punishment to persistent recidivists: - d)
workhouses, which under conditions specified in sect. 62 of the Criminal Code may be applied in lieu of imprisonment; sentences
of commitment to workhouse are indeterminate; release may take place at the earliest on the expiration of twelve months, the
maximum term being normally four years; the penalty is served in a special institution;
- e)
preventive detention, which under conditions specified in sect. 65 of the Criminal Code may be applied in lieu of imprisonment
to professional or habitual offenders, if deemed necessary for reasons of public safety; the sentence is indeterminate; release
may take place only after the expiration of four years; preventive detention is served in a special institution.
Finally, Chapter IX of the Criminal Code provides for measures applicable to persons who are exempted from punishment owing
to irresponsibility or to persons who, because of psychic abnormality of a different nature, are considered imperious to influence
through punishment. In such cases, courts may decide in particular that the offender concerned shall be committed to:
- f)
- g)
an institution for mental defectives, or - h)
one of the special detention centres which have been established for psychopathic offenders who are unsuitable for punishment.
Such measures are indeterminate; their cancellation requires a court order.
- 4.
Mandatory or collateral effects of criminal sentences entailing deprivation or restriction of freedom pronounced by criminal
courts: Section 78 of the Danish Criminal Code explicitly provides that a punishable offence shall not involve suspension
of civil rights, including the right to carry on a trade or business under a licence. A person convicted of a punishable offence
may, however, be debarred from carrying on a business requiring a special public authorisation or permission, if the offence
carries with it an obvious risk of abuse of the position. Refusal of an application for such authorisation or permission is
made by the authority which normally issues it; at the request of the person concerned, however, the question shall be brought
before a court for decision.
Under Section 79 of the Criminal Code the terms of a sentence may provide that the right to continue to carry on a trade or
business under a public authorisation or permission shall be withdrawn or restricted if the offence committed carries with
it an obvious risk of abuse of the position. If warranted by special circumstances, the same applies to the carrying on of
a business requiring no public authorisation or permission. The deprivation of such right is made for a period ranging from
twelve months to five years, or for the time being, in which latter case the question may be reconsidered after the expiration
of five years. It follows from these provisions that sentences need not in all cases prevent the granting of a public authorisation
or permission or the exercise of a profession, including academic activity. The facultative provision for depriving a convicted
person of the right to carry on a particular business is conditional on an obvious danger of abuse. A person who, owing to
consumption of spirits, has not been able to drive a motor vehicle in a fully safe manner shall normally be deprived of the
right to drive a motor vehicle. This shall apply also where the vehicle has been driven in a grossly irresponsible manner
or where, according to the nature of the offence and to the available evidence on the offender's conduct as a driver of motor
vehicles, it is found inadvisable, having regard to road safety, for him to drive a motor vehicle. The licence is withdrawn
for a specified term of not less than six months, or for ever; in the case of driving while under the influence of liquor,
the minimum term is twelve months.
|
|---|
3 | Ratificatie door Montenegro onder de volgende verklaring: - —
to refuse enforcement if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal or religious offence; - —
to refuse the enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to the law of Montenegro could have been dealt with only
by an administrative authority;
- —
to refuse the enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authorities of Montenegro rendered on a date when, under
its own law, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been precluded by the
lapse of time;
- —
to refuse the enforcement of sanctions rendered ‘in abstentia’ and ‘ordonnances pénales’; - —
to refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where Montenegro has an original competence and to recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts interrupting or
suspending time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State.
In accordance with Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, Montenegro reserves the right to require that requests and supporting documents be accompanied by a translation
into Montenegrin language.
|
|---|
4 | Ratificatie door het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden onder de volgende verklaring: The Kingdom of the Netherlands accepts the said Convention, with Annexes, for the Kingdom in Europe. The provisions [of the Convention] shall be observed subject to the following reservations in pursuance of the provisions
of paragraph 1 of Article 61 of the Convention:
- a)
The Kingdom of the Netherlands declares that it reserves the right to refuse to enforce an ‘ordonnance pénale’ (penal order)
or a judgment in absentia rendered by the authorities of the requesting State at a time when the right to institute criminal
proceedings for the offence to which the ‘ordonnance pénale’ (penal order) or judgment relates would have been precluded under
Dutch criminal law for reasons of lapse of time.
- b)
The Kingdom of the Netherlands accepts the application of Part III of the Convention only in respect of Section I thereof.
With regard to Articles 37 and 41 of the Convention: The Netherlands Government does not believe that it is the intention that a person sentenced abroad should
have more extensive rights of appeal than would be applicable under Netherlands law in the case of persons prosecuted and
sentenced in the first instance in the Netherlands.
With regard to Article 45, paragraph 1, of the Convention: Fines or confiscation of sums of money imposed in a currency of which the rate of exchange against the
Dutch guilder is not registered daily at the Amsterdam foreign exchange, shall be expressed in terms of special drawing rights
of the currency in question on the last working day of the month in which the requesting State imposed the sanction to be
implemented. With regard to Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention: Documents submitted to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, where not drawn up in Dutch, French, English or
German, should be accompanied by a translation into one of the above four languages.
With regard to Article 64, paragraph 4, of the Convention: Once the Convention on the enforcement of criminal judgments concluded in Brussels on 26 September 1968
between the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg comes into force, it will
preclude application of the present European Convention as regards relations between the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom
of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
|
|---|
5 | Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden heeft op 29-08-1990 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: The Kingdom of the Netherlands designates the following legal provisions for inclusion in Appendix II to the Convention:
- —
|
|---|
6 | Litouwen heeft op 11-02-1999 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, referring to Article 63 of the Convention, provides the list of sanctions applied and enforced in the Republic of Lithuania for the purposes of the
application of the Convention:
The main punishments are the following: - 1.Imprisonment
Imprisonment can be imposed for a period of 3 months up to 20 years. If a new crime is committed prior to the end of serving the previous crime, imprisonment up to 25 years may be imposed. Life
imprisonment can be imposed for certain crimes. Sentences for persons that were under age 18 at the time of committing the
crime cannot be longer than 10 years.
Having regard to the seriousness of the crime committed and the personality of the convicted person, deprivation of liberty
may be served:
- a)
- b)
under common, strict or very strict regime; - c)
in an open correctional institution; - d)
in a correctional institution, under common or strict regime.
- 2.Community service
Community service may be imposed for a period from 2 months to 2 years; where the sentence is served at the sentenced person's
working place, his or her salary is deducted by 5 up to 20%.
- 3.Fine
Fines are pecuniary sanctions that may be imposed either as the main or as an ancillary punishment. Fines as the principal
punishment can be imposed in the range from 100 (one hundred) to 1000 (one thousand) MLS. Fine as the additional punishment
can be imposed in the range of 10 (ten) to 500 (five hundred) MLS. The amount of fine for the committed crime is imposed by
court, with regard to the seriousness of the crime committed, the damage that it produced and the wealth of the person convicted.
The court may impose a term of imprisonment in replacement of a fine imposed by way of a main punishment, if the person refuses
to pay and if it is not possible to enforce the fine.
Together with the principal punishments the following additional sanctions can be imposed: - 1.Confiscation of property
Confiscation of property is an additional mandatory punishment, imposed by the court for the crimes provided for in Article
35 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania. It is mandatory that confiscation of property is applied to the whole
or part of property which belongs exclusively to the sentenced person, or property which is in the custody of another person,
but was gained by the offender in connection with the committed crime.
- 2.Deprivation of the right to hold a certain position or perform a certain job or activity
Deprivation of the right to hold a certain position or perform a certain job or activity is an additional punishment that
is imposed by the court when the crime is committed in the area of activity of the convicted person or in abuse of his position,
and with regard of the committed crime the court decides that the sentenced person should not engage in activities in certain
areas.
Deprivation of the right to engage in activities in certain areas can be imposed for a period from 1 to 5 years.
|
|---|
7 | Ratificatie door Noorwegen onder de volgende verklaring: We hereby approve, ratify and confirm the said Convention, while declaring that Part III, Section I[lees: Part III, Section 1], of the Convention shall not be applied insofar as the provisions of that Section preclude criminal proceedings in Norway
for an offence committed by a person who at the time of the commitment of the offence was a Norwegian citizen or had his habitual
residence in Norway.
Norway requires that requests and supporting documents be accompanied by a translation into Norwegian or English. The Convention shall not apply to relations between Norway and the other Nordic States parties to the Convention, except where
the enforcement of a criminal judgment is not regulated by Nordic legislation concerning enforcement.
With reference to Article 63, paragraph 1, I also have the honour to give the following information on the sanctions applicable in Norway and their enforcement:
List of sanctions applied and enforced in Norway - 1.Fines
Fines are imposed directly by the court in fixed amounts. There is no legal maximum for fines. - 2.Confiscation
Any benefit obtained through an offence, a product being the result of an offence, or the value of such a product, and any
object having been the subject of an offence, may be confiscated. An object which in view of its nature and other relevant
circumstances entails a risk of being used to commit an offence, may also be confiscated.
- 3.Disqualification
A criminal conviction does not involve disqualification unless this is expressly stated in the judgment. Disqualification
may comprise the loss of a government or municipal office or other post, the loss of a civil position, the loss of the right
to perform certain activities, the loss of the right to perform military service, or the loss of the right to vote in public
affairs.
The suspension or revocation of a driving licence and of certain other licences is an administrative matter which generally
is not dealt with by the criminal courts.
- 4.Sentences involving deprivation of liberty are: imprisonment, security measures, arrest and jailing.
- a)
Imprisonment may be ordered for life or for a specified term according to the provisions relating to the offence in question.
The general provisions on minimum and maximum fixed terms of imprisonment state that imprisonment cannot be ordered for less
than 21 days or more than 15 years, and, in case of concurrent offences, 20 years.
Any prisoner serving a fixed term sentence of imprisonment may be released conditionally on expiry of two thirds of the term
or, where particular circumstances warrant it, after having served half the term.
In no case shall he be released before the expiry of four months of the prison term. A prisoner serving life imprisonment may be released conditionally after having served 12 years of his sentence. Further reduction of the term of imprisonment may be granted by the King, through pardon. - b)
Security measures may under certain conditions be imposed on abnormal offenders and on persons who are exempted from punishment
owing to irresponsibility. Such sentences involving security measures and implying deprivation of liberty are served in a
hospital, in an institution under the Prison Administration or in an ordinary prison.
- c)
Arrest may be imposed on military persons convicted for a military offence. Arrest may be ordered from 1 day, up to 60 days,
and in case of concurrence up to 90 days.
- d)
Jailing may be imposed for political crimes, but is practically not used.
Noorwegen heeft op 01-01-2014 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: In cases concerning the transfer of sentenced persons to and from Norway: Directorate of Norwegian Correctional Service |
|---|
8 | Bij de ondertekening verklaarde de Oostenrijkse Minister van Justitie, dat zijn Regering ‘wished to avail itself of the reservations
provided for in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of Appendix I to the Convention’.
|
|---|
9 | Ratificatie door Spanje onder de volgende verklaring: Pursuant to Article 19, paragraph 2, Spain reserves the right to require that requests for enforcement and supporting documents be accompanied by a translation
into Spanish.
Pursuant to Article 44, paragraph 4, Spain reserves the right to enforce a sanction involving deprivation of liberty of the same nature as that imposed in the
requesting State even if the duration of that sanction exceeds the maximum provided for under Spanish law for a sanction of
the same nature. Nevertheless, this rule shall only be applied in cases where Spanish law allows, in respect of the same offence,
for the imposition of a sanction of at least the same duration as that imposed in the requesting State but which is of a more
severe nature. The sanction imposed may, if its duration and purpose so require, be enforced in a penal establishment intended
for the enforcement of sanctions of another nature.
Pursuant to Article 63, Spain declares that the Convention shall apply to sentences imposed in criminal court judgments or by investigating judges
and to preventive measures imposed in sentences or discharges under the terms of Article 8.1 of the Penal Code.
|
|---|
10 | Ratificatie door Oostenrijk onder de volgende voorbehouden: Austria will refuse enforcement where and to the extent that the sentence imposes a disqualification. Without prejudice to Article 19, paragraph 3, requests for enforcement and supporting documents which are not drawn up in German, French or English, must be accompanied
by a translation into one of these languages.
Austria will refuse enforcement if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal offence, Austria regards all those offences
as fiscal offences which are violations of regulations concerning imposts, taxes, duties, monopolies and foreign exchange,
or of regulations concerning the export, import, transit and rationing of goods (Appendix I, paragraph a). Austria will refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to Austrian law could have been dealt
with only by an administrative authority (Appendix I, paragraph b).
Austria will refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authorities of the requesting state rendered on
a date when, under Austrian law, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been
precluded by the lapse of time (Appendix I, paragraph c).
Austria will refuse enforcement of sanctions rendered in absentia and of ordonnances pénales (Appendix I, paragraph d).
Austria will refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where Austria has an original competence, and will recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts interrupting or
suspending time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State (Appendix I, paragraph e).
|
|---|
11 | Ratificatie door Turkije onder de volgende verklaring: In conformity with Article 15, paragraph 3, the request for enforcement and the communications necessary for the application of the Convention shall be sent through
diplomatic channels.
In conformity with Article 19, paragraph 2, Turkey declares that it reserves the right to require that requests and supporting documents be accompanied by a translation
into Turkish.
In conformity with Article 44, paragraph 4, Turkey declares that it reserves the right to enforce a sanction involving deprivation of liberty of the same nature as
that imposed in the requesting State even if the duration of that sanction exceeds the maximum provided for by Turkish law
for a sanction of the same nature.
Information on the sanctions applicable in Turkey and their enforcement (supplied in accordance with Article 63 of the Convention).
Article 11 of the Turkish Criminal Code (Act No. 765 of 1 March 1926) lists the sanctions applicable with respect to serious
and minor offences:
- —
for serious offences, the death penalty, confinement, imprisonment, heavy fines, disqualifications from holding public office, - —
for minor offences, detention, light fines, temporary disqualification from carrying on a profession or trade.
From the point of view of their enforcement, according to Article 1 of Act No. 647 of 13 July 1965 on the enforcement of penalties,
penal sanctions fall into three categories:
- 1.
- 2.
penalties involving long-term or short-term deprivation of liberty; - 3.
The death penalty is not carried out in public; it is subject to confirmation by the Court of Cassation, followed by a decision
of the Great National Assembly of Turkey.
Penalties involving long-term deprivation of liberty are either for life or temporary. Temporary penalties involving long-term deprivation of liberty are those the duration of which exceeds six months. Penalties involving deprivation of liberty for six months or less are short-term (Article 3). The court may, having regard to the particular circumstances of an offender and to the circumstances and way in which the
offence was committed, replace a penalty involving short-term deprivation of liberty with a fine or other measure (such as
the obligation to attend a re-education establishment or a detention centre for a fixed period of time) (Article 4).
Where a penalty involving short-term deprivation of liberty is imposed on persons aged under eighteen at the time of the offence,
its place is taken by a fine or other measure.
Any person sentenced to a fine, to confinement for up to six months or to imprisonment for up to one year may have his sentence
suspended under Section 6 of the Act on the enforcement of penalties and Article 89 of the Criminal Code. Suspended sentences
are available on even more favourable terms under Turkish law for convicted persons who at the time of commission of the offence
were under the age of fifteen or eighteen, as the case may be, or seventy years old or more. Conditional release is automatically
available to persons on whom penalties involving deprivation of liberty have been imposed and who have served two-thirds of
their sentence with good behaviour, as well as to persons sentenced to confinement for life who have served twenty-four years
of their sentence with good behaviour.
The Government of Turkey, while ratifying the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments, declares
that it does not consider itself bound to carry out the provisions of the said Convention in relation to the Greek Cypriot
Administration, which is not constitutionally entitled to represent alone the Republic of Cyprus.
|
|---|
12 | Ratificatie door Zweden onder de volgende verklaring: Sweden does not accept the application of Section I of Part III of the Convention insofar as the provisions of that Section preclude criminal proceedings in Sweden for an offence carrying
a minimum penalty in Swedish law of at least four years' imprisonment, and insofar as they preclude the enforcement in Sweden
of a sanction imposed for an offence in Sweden.
In conformity with Article 19, paragraph 2, Sweden declares that if the request for enforcement or the supporting documents are written in a language other than Danish,
Norwegian or Swedish, they are to be accompanied by a translation into Swedish or English.
In conformity with Article 64, paragraph 3, Sweden declares that the Convention shall not apply to relations between Sweden and the other Nordic countries party to
the Convention except where the enforcement of a criminal judgment is not governed by Nordic legislation concerning enforcement.
List of sanctions whose enforcement may be requested by a Swedish authority within another State signatory to the European
Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments, together with information on the enforcement of sentences
involving deprivation of liberty.
- 1.Sentences involving deprivation of liberty
- 1.1.Imprisonment (Chapter 26 of the Swedish Penal Code and Act of 6 May 1964 on treatment in penal institutions)
Imprisonment is ordered for life or for a specified term, according to the provisions concerning the offence in question.
The general provisions on minimum and maximum fixed terms of imprisonment state that imprisonment cannot be ordered for less
than one month or more than ten years. In the case of cumulative penalties for different offences, the maximum term may be
extended to twelve years. Any prisoner serving a fixed term sentence is released conditionally on expiry of two-thirds of
the term or, where particular circumstances warrant it, after having served half the sentence. In no case shall he be released
before the expiry of four months of the prison term. Life imprisonment is usually commuted by a pardon to a specific term
of 12–15 years. The provisions governing conditional release thus become applicable, and the life prisoner is generally released
conditionally after serving 8–10 years of his sentence.
A person sentenced to imprisonment for not more than three months is usually placed in an open institution. Those sentenced
to longer terms are first committed to a closed institution and later transferred to an open institution. Closed institutions
are usually surrounded by a high wall and provided with various security measures to prevent escapes and outside contacts.
Open institutions are without a wall and in many cases even without a fence.
- 1.2.Approved schools (Chapter 29 of the Penal Code and 1964 Act on treatment in penal institutions)
Any person over 18 and under 21 years of age may be sent to an approved school if this seems appropriate in view of his personal
development, his conduct and his general background. Exceptionally, persons under 18 or over 21 but not yet 23 years of age
may be placed in approved schools.
Committal to an approved school is not for a fixed term. Persons detained in approved schools are however usually released
after one year and they should not normally be kept for more than three. Their release is conditional and they are subject
to surveillance for at least two years. If their behaviour is unsatisfactory they may be returned to an institution.
Approved schools may be either open or closed institutions. - 1.3.Preventive treatment (Chapter 30 of Penal Code and 1964 Act on treatment in penal institutions)
Preventive treatment is imposed on habitual criminals in order to protect society from the serious crimes which they might
continue to commit if left at liberty.
Preventive detention is of indeterminate length. The minimum term in an institution is fixed by the court at not less than
one year and not more than twelve years. Without specific authorisation by the court, inmates may not be kept in such institutions
for more than three years beyond the minimum term or, if the minimum term was set at three years or more, for more than five
years longer. If the detainee has not committed further offences or if his behaviour is not grossly reprehensible, he is usually
released at the end of the minimum term. He is then subject to surveillance for three years at least.
Detention takes place in special security institutions. In all cases detainees are first committed to closed institutions
and later transferred to open institutions.
- 2.Fines (Chapter 25 of the Penal Code)
Fines are imposed either directly, in lump sums, or as day-fines. The day-fine penalty has two aspects: the number of day-fines,
established in terms of the gravity of the offence, and the amount of the day-fine, based on the offender's average income.
- 3.Confiscation (Chapter 36 of the Penal Code)
Confiscation may be imposed in the case of gain obtained through an offence not entailing damage to a private individual,
and of any object or payment given or received for the purpose of an offence, or of the value of any benefit thereby obtained.
Further any object used as the instrument of an offence or constituting the proceeds of such an offence may be declared confiscated,
as may any object whose use constitutes an offence or by whose instrumentality an activity involving an offence has been performed.
In lieu of such an object, its value may be declared confiscated.
Lastly, objects which, in view of their particular nature and of all the circumstances, seem likely to be used for criminal
purposes may be confiscated.
A criminal conviction does not involve loss of civil rights. It may entail loss of a government or municipal post, if the
civil servant convicted has clearly shown through his offence that he is unfitted for his job. Similarly, the licence required
for the practice of certain profesisons, such as the medical profession, may be withdrawn if the practioner has been sentenced
for an offence of a certain gravity. Withdrawal of driving licence is the commonest form of disqualification. The driving
licence is usually withdrawn from persons guilty of drunken driving or of gross negligence on the road. It is withdrawn for
an indeterminate period and may not be restored before the expiry of at least one year for drunken driving and two years for
gross negligence. In certain exceptional cases the driving licence is restored after a shorter period.
|
|---|
13 | Ratificatie door IJsland onder de volgende verklaring: Iceland requires that requests and supporting documents be accompanied by a translation into Icelandic or English. ‘Ordonnances Pénales’ according to Icelandic legislation are: ‘Lögreglustjórasektir’ (Article 115 of the Act on Law of Criminal
Procedure).
The Convention shall not apply to relations between Iceland and the other Nordic countries party to the Convention except
where the enforcement of a criminal judgement is not governed by Nordic legislation concerning enforcement.
List of sanctions applied and enforced in Iceland: - 1.Fines
Fines are imposed directly by court in fixed amounts. - 2.Confiscation
Any object made through an offence or used to commit an offence may be confiscated by the court unless it belongs to a person
who had nothing to do with the offence. The same applies with regard to an object which seems likely to be used for a criminal
purpose if it is considered necessary because of judicial safety. An object or gain obtained through an offence or the value
of such a gain which nobody has a legal claim to may also be confiscated.
- 3.Disqualification
A criminal conviction does not involve disqualification unless this is expressly stated in the judgement. Disqualification
may consist of the loss of a right to hold a public position if the person concerned is no longer considered worthy or competent
for the position. Disqualification may also consist of the loss of a right to perform certain activities when the right depends
on a public authorisation or licence, constitution or examination, provided that the offence points to a significant risk
of abuse of the position. If the offence is of a grave nature a disqualification may be ordered if the person concerned is
not considered to be worthy of performing these activities or enjoying these rights. A person who, owing to alcohol use, has
not been capable of driving a motor vehicle in a safe manner shall normally be deprived of the right to drive a motor vehicle.
This applies also where the vehicle has been driven in a grossly irresponsible manner or where, according to the nature of
the offence or to the offender's conduct as a driver of motor vehicles, it is considered inadvisable, having regard to road
safety, for him to drive a motor vehicle, the licence is withdrawn for a specified term of not less than one month, or for
life.
- 4.Sentences involving deprivation of liberty
- a)
Imprisonment may be ordered for life or for a specified term according to the provisions relating to the offence in question.
The general provisions on minimum and maximum fixed terms of imprisonment state that imprisonment cannot be ordered for less
than 30 days or more than 16 years.
A prisoner serving a fixed term sentence of imprisonment may be released conditionally on expiry of two thirds of the term
or, where particular circumstances warrant it, after having served half the term. Conditional release cannot be granted unless
the prisoner has served at least two months of his term nor may it be granted if the prisoner has less than 30 days left to
serve or if a release is considered inadvisable in view of the prisoner's circumstances. There are no provisions about the
conditional release of a prisoner serving a life sentence.
The law relating to prisons and imprisonment provides that when deciding in which penal institution imprisonment is to take
place account should be taken of the age and sex of the prisoner, where he lives and his criminal record.
- b)
Simple detention is ordered for a specified term ranging from five days to two years. The same rules apply regarding conditional
release as in the case of imprisonment.
- c)
Security measures may under certain conditions be imposed on abnormal offenders who are exempted from punishment owing to
irresponsibility and to persons who, because of psychic abnormality, are considered impervious to influence through punishment.
Such sentences involving security measures and implying deprivation of liberty are indeterminate and are served in a special
institution or a hospital. Their termination requires a court order.
|
|---|
14 | Spanje heeft op 15-02-1996 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: - a.
to refuse enforcement if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal or religious offence; - b.
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to Spanish law could have been dealt with only by an administrative
authority;
- c.
to refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authorities of the requesting State rendered on a date when,
under Spanish law, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been precluded by
the lapse of time;
- d.
to refuse the enforcement of sanctions rendered in absentia; - e.
to refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where it has an original competence and to recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts interrupting or suspending
time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State.
|
|---|
15 | Ratificatie door Litouwen onder de volgende verklaring: In accordance with Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the Republic of Lithuania declares that it reserves the right to require that requests and supporting
documents submitted to it, which are not drawn up in English, German, Russian or Lithuanian, be accompanied by a translation
into one of those languages.
In accordance with Article 61, paragraph 1, of the said Convention, the Republic of Lithuania declares that it reserves the right:
- a)
to refuse enforcement, if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal offence; - b)
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which, according to the law of the Republic of Lithuania, could have been dealt
with only by an administrative authority;
- c)
to refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authorities of the requesting State rendered on a date when,
under the law of the Republic of Lithuania, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would
have been precluded by the lapse of time;
- d)
to refuse the enforcement of sanctions rendered in absentia and ‘ordonnances pénales’; - e)
to refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where the Republic of Lithuania has an original competence, and to recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts
interrupting or suspending time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State.
|
|---|
16 | Ratificatie door Roemenië onder de volgende verklaring: Romania declares that, without prejudice to the provisions of Article 19, paragraph 1, of the Convention, requests and supporting documents submitted to the Romanian authorities pursuant to this Convention shall
be accompanied by a translation into French or English.
Romania declares that it reserves the right: - 1.
to refuse enforcement, if it considers that the sentence relates to a religious offence (Appendix I.a);
- 2.
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to the law of the requested State could have been dealt with
only by an administrative authority (Appendix I.b).
|
|---|
17 | Ratificatie door Estland onder de volgende verklaring: Pursuant to Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the Republic of Estonia declares that it requires that requests and supporting documents be accompanied
by a translation into Estonian or English. Pursuant to Article 61, paragraph 1, of the Convention, the Republic of Estonia reserves the right:
- a)
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which, according to the law of the Republic of Estonia, could have been dealt
with only by an administrative authority;
- b)
to refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authorities of the requesting State rendered on a date when,
under the law of the Republic of Estonia, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would
have been precluded by the lapse of time;
- c)
to refuse the enforcement of sanctions rendered in absentia and ‘ordonnances pénales’.
|
|---|
18 | Ratificatie door Georgië onder de volgende verklaring: In accordance with Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, Georgia reserves the right to require that requests for execution of the judgment and supporting documents
be accompanied by a translation into Georgian, English or Russian, if these documents are not done in one of the above mentioned
languages.
Georgia is unable to assume responsibility for the fulfilment of obligations imposed by the Convention in the territories
of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region until the full jurisdiction of Georgia is restored over these territories.
- a)
to refuse enforcement of the judgment, if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal offence; - b)
to refuse enforcement of a sanction, for an act which according to the legislation of Georgia could be dealt with only by
an administrative authority;
- c)
to refuse enforcement of the judgment, which the authority of the requesting State rendered on a date when, under Georgian
legislation, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been precluded by the
lapse of time;
- d)
to refuse enforcement of sanctions rendered in absentia and ordonnances pénales; - e)
to refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where Georgia has an original competence and to recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts interrupting or suspending
time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State. ’
|
|---|
19 | Ratificatie door San Marino onder de volgende verklaring: In accordance with Article 61, paragraph 1, of the Convention, the Republic of San Marino declares that it avails itself of the reservations (a), (b), (c), (d) and
(e) provided in Appendix I to the Convention.
In addition, it declares also that it accepts the application of Part III only in respect of Section 1 - Ne bis in idem.
|
|---|
20 | Ratificatie door Oekraïne onder de volgende verklaring en voorbehouden: Without prejudice to the provision of Article 19, paragraph 3, of the Convention, Ukraine declares that requests or supporting documents shall be drawn up in Ukrainian or in one of the
official languages of the Council of Europe or be accompanied by a translation into one of these languages.
Ukraine declares that it reserves the right to refuse enforcement of: - —
a sanction for an act which according to Ukrainian could have been dealt with only by an administrative authority (Appendix I, paragraph b, to the Convention);
- —
a European criminal judgment which the authorities of the requesting State rendered on a date when, under Ukrainian law, the
criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been precluded by the lapse of time (Appendix I, paragraph c, to the Convention);
- —
sanctions rendered in absentia. Ukraine will enforce and recognise only ‘ordonnances pénales’ delivered by a court (Appendix I, paragraph d, to the Convention).
Oekraïne heeft op 16-07-2015 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: Ukraine declares that, on 7 October 2014, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine ‘On Amendments to the Criminal
Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine concerning the certainty of punishment of certain crimes against the foundations
of national security, civil security and crimes of corruption’. These amendments eliminated, among others, the fifth sub-paragraph
of paragraph ‘b’ of Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine ‘On the ratification of the European Convention on the International Validity
of Criminal Judgments’ (ETS No. 70), under which Ukraine had made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 61 of that Convention, which read as follows: ‘Ukraine declares that it reserves the right to refuse enforcement of sanctions
rendered in absentia (Appendix I, paragraph d, of the Convention).’. Given the above, pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 61 of the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments, Ukraine withdraws the aforementioned reservation.
Oekraïne heeft op 16-10-2015 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: In February 2014 the Russian Federation launched armed aggression against Ukraine and occupied a part of the territory of
Ukraine – the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, and today exercises effective control over certain
districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine.
These actions are in gross violation of the Charter of the United Nations and constitute a threat to international peace and security. The Russian Federation, as the Aggressor State and Occupying
Power, bears full responsibility for its actions and their consequences under international law.
The United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/68/262 of 27 March 2014 confirmed the sovereignty and territorial integrity
of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders. The United Nations also called upon all States, international organizations
and specialized agencies not to recognize any alteration of the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of
Sevastopol.
In this regard, Ukraine states that from 20 February 2014 and for the period of temporary occupation by the Russian Federation
of a part of the territory of Ukraine – the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol – as a result of the
armed aggression of the Russian Federation committed against Ukraine and until the complete restoration of the constitutional
law and order and effective control by Ukraine over such occupied territory, as well as over certain districts of the Donetsk
and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, which are temporarily not under control of Ukraine as a result of the aggression of the Russian
Federation, the application and implementation by Ukraine of the obligations under the above Conventions, Protocols, Agreement,
as applied to the aforementioned occupied and uncontrolled territory of Ukraine, is limited and is not guaranteed.
Documents or requests made or issued by the occupying authorities of the Russian Federation, its officials at any level in
the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol and by the illegal authorities in certain districts of the Donetsk
and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, which are temporarily not under control of Ukraine, are null and void and have no legal effect
regardless of whether they are presented directly or indirectly through the authorities of the Russian Federation.
The provisions of the Conventions, Protocols, Agreement regarding the possibility of direct communication or interaction do
not apply to the territorial organs of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, as well as
in certain districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, which are temporarily not under control of Ukraine. The
order of the relevant communication is determined by the central authorities of Ukraine in Kyiv.
Oekraïne heeft op 19-04-2022 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: The Permanent Representation of Ukraine to the Council of Europe presents its compliments to the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe and has the honour […] to inform about the impossibility to guarantee the implementation by the Ukrainian
Side in full of its obligations under the above mentioned international treaties of Ukraine for the period of the armed aggression
of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine, until full termination
of the infringement of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of borders of Ukraine.
Oekraïne heeft op 07-12-2023 de volgende verklaring afgelegd: Referring to Ukraine’s notification dated 18 April 2022 N° 31011/32-119-26603 [Council of Europe Notification JJ9359C dated
13 May 2022] in connection with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, [the Government of Ukraine]
further clarif[ies] that international treaties mentioned therein are implemented on the territory of Ukraine in full, with
the exception of the territories where hostilities are (were) conducted, or temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation,
on which it is impossible to fully guarantee the Ukrainian Party’s fulfillment of its obligations under the relevant treaties
as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, as well as the introduction of martial law
on the territory of Ukraine until the complete cessation of encroachment on the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability
of the borders of Ukraine.
The regularly updated list of territories where hostilities are (were) conducted, or temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation
is located at the link below:
|
|---|
21 | Ratificatie door Letland onder het volgende voorbehoud: In accordance with Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the Republic of Latvia declares that it requires that requests and supporting documents be accompanied
by a translation into Latvian language.
- a)
to refuse enforcement if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal or religious offence; - b)
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to the law of the requested State could have been dealt with
only by an administrative authority;
- c)
to refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authorities of the requesting State rendered on a date when,
under its own law, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been precluded by
the lapse of time;
- d)
to refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where this State has an original competence and to recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts interrupting or
supending time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State.
|
|---|
22 | Toepasselijkverklaring door Denemarken voor Faeröer vanaf 26-07-1974. |
|---|
23 | Toepasselijkverklaring door Noorwegen voor Bouvet-eiland, Koningin Maud Land en Peter-I-eiland vanaf 20-12-1974. |
|---|
24 | Ratificatie door Albanië onder de volgende verklaring: In accordance with Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the Republic of Albania reserves the right to require that requests and supporting documents be accompanied
by a translation into the Albanian language.
In accordance wirh[lees: with]Article 61, paragraph 1, of the Convention, the Republic of Albania reserves the right:
- a)
to refuse enforcement if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal or religious offence (Appendix I, a);
- b)
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to the law of the Republic of Albania could have been dealt
with only by an administrative authority (Appendix I, b);
- c)
to refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authorities of the requesting State rendered on a date when,
under its own law, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been precluded by
the lapse of time (Appendix I, c);
- d)
to refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where this State has an original competence and to recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts interrupting or
supending time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State (Appendix I, e).
|
|---|
25 | Ratificatie door Bulgarije onder de volgende verklaring: In accordance with Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the Republic of Bulgaria declares that the requests and accompanying documents shall be translated into
Bulgarian language.
- a)
to refuse enforcement if it considers that the sentence relates to a religious offence (Appendix I, sub-paragraph a);
- b)
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to the Bulgarian law could have been dealt with only by an
administrative authority (Appendix I, sub-paragraph b);
- c)
to refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authorities of the requesting State rendered on a date when,
under its own law, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been precluded by
the lapse of time (Appendix I, sub-paragraph c);
- d)
to refuse the enforcement of sanctions rendered in absentia and ordonnances penales (Appendix I, sub-paragraph d);
- e)
to refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where it has an original competence and to recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts interrupting or suspending
time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State (Appendix I, sub-paragraph e).
|
|---|
26 | Ratificatie door België onder de volgende verklaring: Belgium reserves the right to refuse the enforcement of sanctions rendered in absentia and ordonnances pénales (Appendix I, d).
In accordance with Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, Belgium reserves the right to require that request and suppoorting documents be accompanied by a translation
into French, Dutch, German or English.
|
|---|
27 | Ratificatie door Moldavië onder de volgende verklaring: According to Article 15, paragraph 3, of the Convention, the Republic of Moldova declares that the requests, as well as all the communications necessary for applying
the above-mentioned Convention, will be addressed through the agency of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Moldova.
According to Article 19, paragraph 2, of the Convention, the Republic of Moldova declares that the requests and supporting documents have to be accompanied by
a translation either in Moldavian or in one of the official languages of the Council of Europe.
According to Article 60, paragraph 1, of the Convention, the Republic of Moldova declares that, until the full re-establishment of the territorial integrity of
the Republic of Moldova, the provisions of the Convention will be applied only on the territory effectively controlled by
the authorities of the Republic of Moldova.
- a)
to refuse enforcement if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal or religious offence; - b)
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to the law of the requested State could have been dealt with
only by an administrative authority;
- c)
to refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authority of the requesting State rendered on a date when,
under its own law, the criminal proceeding in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would have been precluded by
the lapse of time;
- d)
to refuse enforcement of a sanction rendered in abstentia and ‘ordonnances pénales’; - e)
|
|---|
28 | Ratificatie door Servië onder de volgende verklaring: - —
to refuse enforcement if it considers that the sentence relates to a fiscal offence; - —
to refuse enforcement of a sanction for an act which according to the law of the Republic of Serbia could have been dealt
with only by an administrative authority;
- —
to refuse enforcement of a European criminal judgment which the authority of the requesting State rendered on a date when,
under the law of the Republic of Serbia, the criminal proceedings in respect of the offence punished by the judgment would
have been precluded by the lapse of time;
- —
to refuse the enforcement of sanctions rendered in abstentia and ‘ordonnances pénales’ or one of these categories of decisions
only;
- —
to refuse the application of the provisions of Article 8 where the Republic of Serbia has an original competence and to recognise in these cases only the equivalence of acts interrupting
or suspending time limitation which have been accomplished in the requesting State.
|
|---|
29 | Ratificatie door Slovenië onder de volgende verklaring: Pursuant to Article 63, paragraph 1, of the Convention, the Republic of Slovenia communicates the list of sanctions applied and enforced in the criminal law
of the Republic of Slovenia:
- 1.Punishments involving deprivation of liberty
- 1.1.Imprisonment
The Criminal Code provides for very detailed rules on sanctions in the area of criminal (substantive) law. A term of imprisonment
(punishment by imprisonment) may only be imposed as a principal punishment. A punishment by imprisonment may be imposed for
a term not shorter than 1 month and not longer than 30 years. A punishment by imprisonment shall be determined in full years
and months, unless its term does not exceed a period of six months, in which case it may be determined in full days. The punishment
of life imprisonment may be imposed for criminal offences of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and aggression,
two or several murders or two or several murders in cases of terrorism.
The prisoner, who has served half of his punishment by imprisonment, may be released from a correctional institution (prison)
under the condition that until the term, for which he was punished, he has not committed another criminal offence. The prisoner,
who has been punished to over fifteen years of imprisonment, may be released on parole after he/she has served three quarters
of the punishment and the prisoner, who has been punished to life imprisonment, may be released on parole after he/she has
served twentyfive years in prison.
Prisoners usually serve the punishment by imprisonment in correctional institution (prison). The punishment by imprisonment up to nine months may be substituted with house detention. The court shall decide with a decision
whether to substitute imprisonment by house detention.
The punishment by imprisonment up to two years, except when imposed for a criminal offence against sexual integrity - may
be enforced so that, instead of serving the punishment by imprisonment, the convicted person performs community service for
a period of a maximum of two years from the enforcement of the judgment.
The punishment by imprisonment of up to three years, except when imposed for a criminal offence against sexual integrity,
may also be enforced so that a convict who meets the conditions provided by the Act on the Enforcement of Penal Sanctions
continues working or schooling and resides at home, except on work-free days, as a rule at weekends, when he must stay in
prison.
- 1.2.Juvenile detention
The court may impose a punishment of juvenile detention on a young adult (16-18 years) if she/he has committed a criminal
offence for which a punishment graver than five years' imprisonment is prescribed by the statute and if, owing to the nature
and gravity of the crime and the high degree of criminal liability, the application of educational measures would not be reasonable.
A punishment of juvenile detention shall last not less than six months and not more than five years. For criminal offences
for which the punishment of twenty years' imprisonment may be imposed, the punishment of juvenile detention shall not be imposed
for more than ten years.
- 1.3.Compulsory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a health institution
- 2.Fines
A fine may be imposed both as a principal as well as an accessory punishment. A fine shall be imposed in such a manner that
the number of daily instalments set in the judgment, which the perpetrator must pay, is multiplied by the daily instalment
amount set by the court by taking the pecuniary circumstances of the perpetrator into account. The number of daily instalments
may amount to a minimum of ten and a maximum of three hundred and sixty daily instalments, while for criminal offences committed
to one’s own benefit, this may amount to a maximum of one thousand five hundred daily instalments. The court shall fix the
daily amount by taking into account the perpetrator's pecuniary circumstances on the basis of data on his income, other revenues,
property value, his average maintenance costs and his family expenditure. The daily amount may not exceed 1,000 Euros (EUR).
- 3.Confiscation
- 3.1.Confiscation of objects
Objects used or intended to be used, or gained through the committing of a criminal offence may be confiscated if they belong
to the perpetrator. They may be confiscated even when they do not belong to the perpetrator if that is required for reasons
of general security or morality and if the rights of other persons to claim damages from the perpetrator are not thereby affected.
- 3.2.Confiscation of property benefits gained by committing of criminal offence
In accordance with legislation nobody is entitled to retain the property gained through or owing to the commission of a criminal
offence. Money, valuables and any other property benefit gained through or owing to the commission of a criminal offence shall
be confiscated from the perpetrator or recipient. If confiscation cannot be carried out, property equivalent to the property
benefit shall be confiscated from them. Property benefit gained through or owing to the committing of a criminal offence may
also be confiscated from persons, to which it was transferred free of charge or for a sum of money that does not correspond
to its actual value, if such persons knew or could have known that this property had been gained through or owing to the committing
of a criminal offence.
Property that the perpetrator or other persons whose property is confiscated use exclusively or mostly to their own benefit
with the consent of persons to whom this property belongs, if these persons knew or should have known that the property was
acquired through crime or that it was used to prepare, commit or conceal crime or that it was acquired with the intention
of being used for crime, shall also be confiscated as property acquired through crime or related to crime.
Any property gained by a legal person through or owing to the committing of a criminal offence shall be confiscated. A property
benefit or property equivalent to the property benefit shall also be confiscated from legal persons, when the perpetrator
or recipient have transferred this property to the legal person free of charge or for a sum of money, which does not correspond
to its actual value.
Proceeds or property from criminal offence or related to criminal offence that a criminal organisation has acquired or has
at its disposal shall also be confiscated. The property of the perpetrator who has committed a criminal offence in a criminal
organisation for which the court establishes that is derived from criminal activities in that criminal organisation shall
also be confiscated as proceeds from criminal offence.
- 4.Safety measures
The following safety measures may be imposed on perpetrators of criminal offences: - 1)
compulsory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a health institution: The court shall impose a measure of compulsory
psychiatric treatment and confinement in a health institution on an offender who has committed an offence, punishable by a
punishment by imprisonment of at least one year, in a state of insanity or considerably diminished responsibility if, on the
basis of the gravity of the offence committed and the degree of the mental disturbance of the offender, it establishes that,
while at liberty, the offender might commit a serious criminal offence against life and body, sexual integrity or property
and that this risk may only be eliminated by ensuring that the perpetrator receives treatment and care in a forensic psychiatric
ward of a health institution that meets special security conditions provided by law.
- 2)
compulsory psychiatric treatment at liberty; - 3)
ban on the performance of profession; - 4)
restraining order and ban on communicating with the victim; - 5)
revocation of the driving licence; - 6)
the confiscation of items.
Compulsory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a health institution and compulsory psychiatric treatment at liberty shall
be independently imposed on an insane perpetrator if there is no other way to ensure the safety of people. In addition to
these two measures, the court may also impose other measures, including a ban on the performance of profession, restraining
order and ban on communicating with the victim, revocation of the driving licence, and confiscation of items. The revoking
of a driving licence and the confiscation of objects may be ordered for the perpetrator, when a punishment by imprisonment,
a suspended punishment, or a judicial admonition has been imposed on him, as well as in the case of the withdrawal of a punishment.
Barring to perform an occupation may be ordered if the perpetrator has been punished by imprisonment or when such a punishment
has been suspended.
- 5.Disqualifications
Types of Legal Consequences of Conviction: Termination of the performance of certain public functions or official duties, or termination of an employment relationship,
or the loss of the right to residence in the Republic of Slovenia, shall constitute the legal consequence referring to the
cessation or forfeiture of certain rights.
Legal consequences that prevent the acquisition of certain rights shall include: - 1)
debarment from the performance of certain public functions or official duties; - 2)
debarment from entering a certain profession or concluding an employment contract; - 3)
debarment from obtaining certain permits and endorsements granted by written order of state bodies.
Driving ban - an accessory punishment (not a safety measure): The court may impose the ban on driving certain types or categories of motor vehicles to the perpetrator who has committed
a criminal offence against public traffic safety as a driver of a motor vehicle. The duration of this punishment may not be
shorter than six months and longer than two years from the day of finality of the judgement.
|
|---|