Article 1 Definitions

The ‘domestic legislation’ of a Contracting Party means the entire body of national or local laws and regulations in force in the territory of that Contracting Party;

A vehicle is said to be ‘in international traffic’ in the territory of a State if:

provided, however, that a Contracting Party may refuse to regard as being ‘in international traffic’ a vehicle which has remained in its territory for more than one year without a substantial interruption, the duration of which may be fixed by that Contracting Party.

A combination of vehicles is said to be ‘in international traffic’ if at least one of the vehicles in the combination conforms to the above definition;

‘Built-up area’ means an area with entries and exits specially sign-posted as such, or otherwise defined in domestic legislation;

‘Road’ means the entire surface of any way or street open to public traffic;

‘Carriageway’ means the part of a road normally used by vehicular traffic; a road may comprise several carriageways clearly separated from one another by, for example, a dividing strip or a difference of level;

On carriageways where one or more side lanes or tracks are reserved for use by certain vehicles, ‘edge of the carriageway’ means, for other road-users, the edge of the remainder of the carriageway;

‘Lane’ means any one of the longitudinal strips into which the carriageway is divisible, whether or not defined by longitudinal road markings, which is wide enough for one moving line of motor vehicles other than motor cycles;

‘Cycle lane’ means a part of a carriageway designated for cycles. A cycle lane is distinguished from the rest of the carriageway by longitudinal road markings;

‘Cycle track’ means an independent road or part of a road designated for cycles, signposted as such. A cycle track is separated from other roads or other parts of the same road by structural means;

‘Intersection’ means any level crossroad, junction or fork, including the open areas formed by such crossroads, junctions or forks;

‘Level-crossing’ means any level intersection between a road and a railway or tramway track with its own track formation;

‘Motorway’ means a road specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does not serve properties bordering on it, and which

A vehicle is said to be:

Nevertheless, it shall be open to Contracting Parties to regard as ‘standing’ any vehicle which is stationary within the meaning of sub-paragraph (ii) above for a period not exceeding that fixed by domestic legislation, and to regard as ‘parked’ any vehicle which is stationary within the meaning of sub-paragraph (i) above for a period exceeding that fixed by domestic legislation;

‘Cycle’ means any vehicle which has at least two wheels and is propelled solely by the muscular energy of the persons on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or hand-cranks;

‘Moped’ means any two-wheeled or threewheeled vehicle which is fitted with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc (3.05 cu. in.) and a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km (30 miles) per hour. Contracting Parties are free, however, not to regard as mopeds, under their domestic legislation, vehicles which do not have the characteristics of a cycle with respect to their use, in particular the characteristic that they can be propelled by pedals, or whose maximum design speed, whose mass, or certain of whose engine characteristics exceed certain limits. Nothing in this definition shall be construed as preventing Contracting Parties from treating mopeds exactly as cycles in applying the provisions of their domestic legislation regarding road traffic;

‘Motor cycle’ means any two-wheeled vehicle, with or without a side-car, which is equipped with a propelling engine. Contracting Parties may also treat as motor cycles in their domestic legislation three-wheeled vehicles whose unladen mass does not exceed 400 kg (900 Ib). The term ‘motor cycle’ does not include mopeds, although Contracting Parties may, provided they make a declaration to this effect in conformity with Article 54, paragraph 2, of this Convention, treat mopeds as motor cycles for the purposes of the Convention;

‘Power-driven vehicle’ means any self-propelled road vehicle, other than a moped in the territories of Contracting Parties which do not treat mopeds as motor cycles, and other than a rail-borne vehicle;

‘Motor vehicle’ means any power-driven vehicle which is normally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods. This term embraces trolley-buses, that is to say, vehicles connected to an electric conductor and not rail-borne. It does not cover vehicles, such as agricultural tractors, which are only incidentally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods;

‘Trailer’ means any vehicle designed to be drawn by a power-driven vehicle and includes semi-trailers;

‘semi-trailer’ means any trailer designed to be coupled to a motor vehicle in such a way that part of it rests on the motor vehicle and that a substantial part of its mass and of the mass of its load is borne by the motor vehicle;

‘Light trailer’ means any trailer of a permissible maximum mass not exceeding 750 kg (1,650 Ib);

‘Combination of vehicles’ means coupled vehicles which travel on the road as a unit;

‘Articulated vehicle’ means a combination of vehicles comprising a motor vehicle and semi-trailer coupled to the motor vehicle;

‘Driver’ means any person who drives a motor vehicle or other vehicle (including a cycle), or who guides cattle, singly or in herds, or flocks, or draught, pack or saddle animals on a road;

‘Permissible maximum mass’ means the maximum mass of the laden vehicle declared permissible by the competent authority of the State in which the vehicle is registered;

‘Unladen mass’ means the mass of the vehicle without crew, passengers or load, but with a full supply of fuel and with the tools which the vehicle normally carries;

‘Laden mass’ means the actual mass of the vehicle as loaded, with the crew and passengers on board;

‘Direction of traffic’ and ‘appropriate to the direction of traffic’ mean the right-hand side if, under domestic legislation, the driver of a vehicle must allow an oncoming vehicle to pass on his left; otherwise these expressions mean the left-hand side;

The requirement that a driver shall ‘give way’ to other vehicles means that he must not continue or resume his advance or manoeuvre if by so doing he might compel the drivers of other vehicles to change the direction or speed of their vehicle abruptly;

‘Automated driving system’ refers to a vehicle system that uses both hardware and software to exercise dynamic control of a vehicle on a sustained basis;

‘Dynamic control’ refers to carrying out all the real-time operational and tactical functions required to move the vehicle. This includes controlling the vehicle’s lateral and longitudinal motion, monitoring the road, responding to events in the road traffic, and planning and signalling for manoeuvres.