Guidance on restrictions of competition ‘by object’ for the purpose of defining which agreements may benefit from the De Minimis Notice:2.1.1 General principles

Guidance on restrictions of competition ‘by object’ for the purpose of defining which agreements may benefit from the De Minimis Notice

2.1.1 General principles

Geldend

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Restrictions whereby competitors agree to fix prices of products which they sell or buy are, as a matter of principle, restrictions by object. It is not necessary that the agreement expressly or directly fixes the selling or purchasing price: it is sufficient if the parties agree on certain parameters of the price composition, such as the amount of rebates given to customers.

Joined Cases C-238/99 P, C-244/99 P, C-245/99 P, C-247/99 P, C-250/99 P to C-252/99 P and C-254/99 P, ICI v Commission

A cartel in which target prices and target quotas were fixed, and there were concerted initiatives to raise price levels and monitor the operation of the collusive arrangements.

Joined Cases C-l25/07 P, C-133/07 P, C-135/07 P and C-137/07 P, Österreichische Volksbanken v Commission

A cartel in which banks fixed deposit and lending rates.

Case T-208/08, Gosselin Group v Commission

A cartel on the international removal services market that related to the direct or indirect fixing of prices, market sharing and the manipulation of the procedure for the submission of tenders.

Joined Cases T-217/03 and T-245/03, French Beef

Agreement concluded by federations representing farmers and federations representing slaughterers aimed at fixing minimum prices for the purchase of cows by slaughterers and suspending beef imports.

Case 38549 Architectes Belges

Recommended minimum fees (i.e. recommended minimum prices) of a national association of architects. Like fixed prices, recommended prices reduce competition because they facilitate price coordination.

Case 39847 Ebooks

Coordination between publishers and a distributor, to jointly switch from a wholesale model, in which retail prices were determined by retailers, to agency contracts, as part of a common strategy aimed at raising retail prices for e-books or preventing the introduction of lower retail prices on a global scale.

Case 39398 Visa Multilateral Interchange Fees

Joint setting by banks of so called Multilateral Interchange Fees (MIFs) in the payment card market was considered price fixing.1.

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