Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution to abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone:Annex VIII Limit values for fuels and new mobile sources

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution to abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone

Annex VIII Limit values for fuels and new mobile sources

Geldend

Documentgegevens:

Geldend vanaf 07-10-2019

Redactionele toelichting: Gecorrigeerd via een rectificatie (10-04-2013, Trb. 70). Deze wijziging is nog niet voor alle partijen in werking getreden. Zie voor de partijgegevens de wijziging van 04-05-2012, Trb. 2013, 197.
Bronpublicatie:: 04-05-2012, Trb. 2012, 246 (uitgifte: 28-12-2012, kamerstukken/regelingnummer: -)
Inwerkingtreding: 07-10-2019
Bronpublicatie inwerkingtreding:: 29-07-2019, Trb. 2019, 122 (uitgifte: 29-07-2019, kamerstukken/regelingnummer: -)
Vakgebied(en): Milieurecht / Algemeen
Internationaal publiekrecht / Bijzondere onderwerpen

Introduction

1

Section A applies to Parties other than Canada and the United States of America, section B applies to Canada and section C applies to the United States of America.

2

This annex specifies emission limit values for NO_x, expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) equivalents, for hydrocarbons, most of which are volatile organic compounds, for carbon monoxide (CO) and for particulate matter as well as environmental specifications for marketed fuels for vehicles.

3

The timescales for applying the limit values in this annex are laid down in annex VII.

A. Parties other than Canada and the United States of America

Passenger cars and light-duty vehicles

4

Limit values for power-driven vehicles with at least four wheels and used for the carriage of passengers (category M) and goods (category N) are given in table 1.

Heavy-duty vehicles

5

Limit values for engines for heavy-duty vehicles are given in tables 2 and 3 on the applicable test procedures.

Compression-ignition (CI) and spark-ignition (SI) non-road vehicles and machines

6

Limit values for agricultural and forestry tractors and other non-road vehicle/machine engines are listed in tables 4 to 6.

7

Limit values for locomotives and railcars are listed in tables 7 and 8.

8

Limit values for inland waterway vessels are listed in table 9.

9

Limit values for recreational crafts are listed in table 10.

Motorcycles and mopeds

10

Limit values for motorcycles and mopeds are given in tables 11 and 12.

Fuel quality

11

Environmental quality specifications for petrol and diesel are given in tables 13 and 14.

Table 1 Limit values for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles
											Limit values1)
				Carbon monoxide		Total hydrocarbons (HC		NMVOC		Nitrogen oxides		Hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides combined		Particulate matter		Number of particles1) (P)
				L1 (g/km)		L2 (g/km)		L3 (g/km)		L4 (g/km)		L2 + L4 (g/km)		L5 (g/km)		L6(#/km)
Category		Class, application date*	Reference mass (RW) (kg)	Petrol	Diesel	Petrol	Diesel	Petrol	Diesel	Petrol	Diesel	Petrol	Diesel	Petrol	Diesel	Petrol	Diesel
	M2)	1.1.2014	All	1.0	0.50	0.10	-	0.068	-	0.06	0.18	-	0.23	0.0050	0.0050	-	6.0xl0¹¹
	N₁3)	I, 1.1.2014	RW 1,305	1.0	0.50	0.10	-	0.068	-	0.06	0.18	-	0.23	0.0050	0.0050	-	6.0xl0¹¹
		II, 1.1.2014	1,305 < RW ≤ 1,760	1.81	0.63	0.13	-	0.090	-	0.075	0.235	-	0.295	0.0050	0.0050	-	6.0xl0¹¹
		III, 1.1.2014	1,760 < RW	2.27	0.74	0.16	-	0.108	-	0.082	0.28	-	0.35	0.0050	0.0050	-	6.0x10¹¹
	N₂	1.1.2014		2.27	0.74	0.16	-	0.108	-	0.082	0.28	-	0.35	0.0050	0.0050	-	6.0x10¹¹
Euro 6 Euro 5	M2)	1.9.2015	All	1.0	0.50	0.10	-	0.068	-	0.06	0.08	-	0.17	0.0045	0.0045	6.0x10¹¹	6.0x10¹¹
	N₁3)	I, 1.9.2015	RW ≤1,305	1.0	0.50	0.10	-	0.068	-	0.06	0.08	-	0.17	0.0045	0.0045	6.0×l011 6.0×l0¹¹	6.0x10" 6.0x10¹¹
		II, 1.9.2016	1,305 < RW < 1,760	1.81	0.63	0.13	-	0.090	-	0.075	0.105	-	0.195	0.0045	0.0045	6.0x10¹¹	6.0x10¹¹
		III, 1.9.2016	1,760 < RW	2.27	0.74	0.16	-	0.108	-	0.082	0.125	-	0.215	0.0045	0.0045	6.0xl0¹¹	6.0x10¹¹
	N₂	1.9.2016		2.27	0.74	0.16	-	0.108	-	0.082	0.125	-	0.215	0.0045	0.0045	6.0xl0¹¹	6.0x10¹¹

Table 2 Limit values for heavy-duty vehicles steady-state cycle load-response tests
	Application date	Carbon monoxide(g/kWh)	Hydrocarbons(g/kWh)	Total hydrocarbons(g/kWh)	Nitrogen oxides (g/kWh)	Particulate matter (g/kWh)	Smoke (m^-1)
B2 (‘EURO V’)1)	1.10.2009	1.5	0.46	-	2.0	0.02	0.5
‘EURO VI’2)	31.12.2013	1.5	-	0.13	0.40	0.010	-

Table 3 Limit values for heavy-duty vehicles — transient cycle tests
	Application date*	Carbon monoxide(g/kWh)	Total hydrocarbons(g/kWh)	Non methane hydrocarbons (g/kWh)	Methane1) (g/kWh)	Nitrogen oxides (g/kWh)	Particulates (g/kWh)2)
B2 ‘EURO V’3)	1.10.2009	4.0	-	0.55	1.1	2.0	0.030
‘EURO VI’ (CI)4)	31.12.2013	4.0	0.160	-	-	0.46	0.010
‘EURO VI’ (PI)4)	31.12.2013	4.0	-	0.160	0.50	0.46	0.010

Note: PI = Positive ignition. CI = Compression ignition.

Table 4 Limit values for diesel engines for non-road mobile machines, agricultural and forestry tractors (stage IIIB)
Net power (P) (kW)	Application date*	Carbon monoxide (g/kWh)	Hydrocarbons(g/kWh)	Nitrogen oxides (g/kWh)	Particulate matter (g/kWh)
130 ≤ P ≤ 560	31.12.2010	3.5	0.19	2.0	0.025
75 ≤ P < 130	31.12.2011	5.0	0.19	3.3	0.025
56 ≤ P < 75	31.12.2011	5.0	0.19	3.3	0.025
37 ≤ P < 56	31.12.2012	5.0	4.71)	4.71)	0.025

Table 5 Limit values for diesel engines for non-road mobile machines, agricultural and forestry tractors (stage IV)
Net power (P) (kW)	Application date*	Carbon monoxide (g/kWh)	Hydrocarbons(g/kWh)	Nitrogen oxides (g/kWh)	Particulate matter (g/kWh)
130 ≤ P ≤ 560	31.12.2013	3.5	0.19	0.4	0.025
56 ≤ P < 130	31.12.2014	5.0	0.19	0.4	0.025

Table 6 Limit values for spark-ignition engines for non-road mobile machines
	Hand-held engines
Displacement (cm³)	Carbon monoxide (g/kWh)	Sum of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (g/kWh)1)
Disp < 20	805	50
20 ≤ disp. < 50	805	50
Disp ≥ 50	603	72
	Non-hand-held engines
Displacement (cm³)	Carbon monoxide (g/kWh)	Sum of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (g/kWh)
Disp < 66	610	50
66 ≤ disp. < 100	610	40
66 ≤ disp. < 225	610	16.1
Disp ≥ 225	610	12.1

Note: With the exception of machinery and engines intended for export to countries that are not Parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and the placing on the market of new engines, whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the respective limit values set out in the table.

Table 7 Limit values for engines used for propulsion of locomotives
Net power (P) (kW)	Carbon monoxide (g/kWh)	Hydrocarbons (g/kWh)	Nitrogen oxides (g/kWh)	Particulate matter (g/kWh)
130 < P	3.5	0.19	2.0	0.025

Note: With the exception of machinery and engines intended for export to countries that are not Parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and the placing on the market of new engines, whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the respective limit values set out in the table.

Table 8 Limit values for engines used for propulsion of railcars
Net power (P) (kW)	Carbon monoxide (g/kWh)	Sum of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (g/kWh)	Particulate matter (g/kWh)
130 < P	3.5	4.0	0.025

Table 9 Limit values for engines for propulsion of inland waterways vessels
Displacement (litres per cylinder/kW)	Carbon monoxide (g/kWh)	Sum of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (g/kWh)	Particulate matter (g/kWh)
Disp. < 0.9	5.0	7.5	0.4
Power ≥ 37 kW
0.9 ≤ disp. < 1.2	5.0	7.2	0.3
1.2 ≤ disp. < 2.5	5.0	7.2	0.2
2.5 ≤ disp. < 5.0	5.0	7.2	0.2
5.0 ≤ disp. < 15	5.0	7.8	0.27
15 ≤ disp. < 20	5.0	8.7	0.5
Power < 3,300 kW
15 ≤ disp. < 20	5.0	9.8	0.5
Power > 3,300 kW
20 ≤ disp. < 25	5.0	9.8	0.5
25 ≤ disp. < 30	5.0	11.0	0.5

Note: With the exception of machinery and engines intended for export to countries that are not Parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and the placing on the market of new engines, whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the respective limit values set out in the table.

Table 10 Limit values for engines in recreational crafts
	CO (g/kWh)			Hydrocarbons (HC)
					(g/kWh)
	CO = A +B/Pⁿ_N			HC = A +B/Pⁿ_N 1)
Engine type	A	B	n	A	B	n	NO_x g/kWh	PM g/kWh
2-stroke	150	600	1	30	100	0.75	10	Not Appl.
4-stroke	150	600	1	6	50	0.75	15	Not Appl.
CI	5	0	0	1.5	2	0.5	9.8	1

Abbreviation: Not Appl. = Not Applicable.

Note: With the exception of machinery and engines intended for export to countries that are not Parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and the placing on the market of new engines, whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the respective limit values set out in the table.

Table 11 Limit values for motorcycles (< 50 cm³; > 45 km/h)
Engine size	Limit values
Motorcycle < 150 cc	HC = 0.8 g/km NO_x = 0.15 g/km
Motorcycle > 150 cc	HC = 0.3 g/km NO_x = 0.15 g/km

Note: With the exception of vehicles intended for export to countries that are not Parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and the placing on the market only if they meet the respective limit values set out in the table.

Table 12 Limit values for mopeds (<50 cm³; < 45 km/h)
	Limit values
	CO (g/km)	HC + NO_x (g/km)
II	1.01)	1.2

Note: With the exception of vehicles intended for export to countries that are not Parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable, and the placing on the market only if they meet the respective limit values set out in the table.

Table 13 Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines — Type: Petrol
Parameter	Limits
	Unit	Minimum	Maximum
Research octane number		95	-
Motor octane number		85	-
Reid vapour pressure, summer period1)	kPa	-	60
Distillation:
Evaporated at 100°C	% v/v	46	-
Evaporated at 150°C	% v/v	75	-
Hydrocarbon analysis:
- olefins	% v/v	-	18.02)
- aromatics		-	35
- benzene		-	1
Oxygen content	% m/m	-	3.7
Oxygenates:
- Methanol, stabilizing agents must be added	% v/v	-	3
- Ethanol, stabilizing agents may be necessary	% v/v	-	10
- Iso-propyl alcohol	% v/v	-	12
- Tert-butyl alcohol	% v/v	-	15
- Iso-butyl alcohol	% v/v	-	15
- Ethers containing 5 or more carbon atoms per	% v/v	-	22
molecule
Other oxygenates3)	% v/v	-	15
Sulphur content	mg/kg	-	10

Table 14 Environmental specifications for marketed fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines — Type: Diesel fuel
Parameter		Limits
	Unit	Minimum	Maximum
Cetane number		51	-
Density at 15° C	kg/m³	-	845
Distillation point: 95%	°C	-	360
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	% m/m	-	8
Sulphur content	mg/kg	-	10

B. Canada

12

Limit values for controlling emissions from fuels and mobile sources will be determined, as appropriate, taking into account information on available control technologies, limit values applied in other jurisdictions, and the documents below:

a): Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations, SOR/2010-201;
b): Marine Spark-Ignition Engine, Vessel and Off-Road Recreational Vehicle Emission Regulations, SOR/2011-10;
c): Renewable Fuels Regulations, SOR/2010-189;
d): Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and for Dangerous Chemicals, SOR/2007-86;
e): Off-Road Compression-Ignition Engine Emission Regulations, SOR/2005-32;
f): On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations, SOR/ 2003-2;
g): Off-Road Small Spark-Ignition Engine Emission Regulations, SOR/2003-355;
h): Sulphur in Diesel Fuel Regulations, SOR/2002-254;
i): Gasoline and Gasoline Blend Dispensing Flow Rate Regulations SOR/2000-43;
j): Sulphur in Gasoline Regulations, SOR/99-236;
k): Benzene in Gasoline Regulations, SOR/97-493;
l): Gasoline Regulations, SOR/90-247;
m): Federal Mobile PCB Treatment and Destruction Regulations, SOR/90-5;
n): Environmental Code of Practice for Aboveground and Underground Storage Tank Systems Containing Petroleum and Allied Petroleum Products;
o): Canada-Wide Standards for Benzene, Phase 2;
p): Environmental Guidelines for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aboveground Storage Tanks. PN 1180;
q): Environmental Code of Practice for Vapour Recovery in Gasoline Distribution Networks. PN 1057;
r): Environmental Code of Practice for Light Duty Motor Vehicle Emission Inspection and Maintenance Programs — 2nd Edition. PN 1293;
s): Joint Initial Actions to Reduce Pollutant Emissions that Contribute to Particulate Matter and Ground-level Ozone; and
t): Operating and Emission Guidelines for Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators. PN 1085.

C. United States of America

13

Implementation of a mobile source emission control programme for lightduty vehicles, light-duty trucks, heavy-duty trucks and fuels to the extent required by sections 202 (a), 202 (g) and 202 (h) of the Clean Air Act, as implemented through:

a): Registration of fuels and fuel additives — 40 C.F.R Part 79;
b): Regulation of fuels and fuel additives — 40 C.F.R Part 80, including:
Subpart A — general provisions; Subpart B — controls and prohibitions;
Subpart D — reformulated gasoline; Subpart H — gasoline sulphur standards;
Subpart I — motor vehicle diesel fuel; non-road, locomotive, and marine diesel fuel; and ECA marine fuel; Subpart L — gasoline benzene; and
c): Control of emissions from new and in-use highway vehicles and engines — 40 C.F.R Part 85 and Part 86.

14

Standards for non-road engines and vehicles are specified in the following documents:

a): Fuel sulphur standards for non-road diesel engines — 40 C.F.R Part 80, Subpart I;
b): Aircraft engines — 40 C.F.R Part 87;
c): Exhaust emission standards for non-road diesel engines — Tier 2 and 3; 40 C.F.R Part 89;
d): Non-road compression-ignition engines — 40 C.F.R Part 89 and Part 1039;
e): Non-road and marine spark-ignition engines — 40 C.F.R Part 90, Part 91, Part 1045, and Part 1054;
f): Locomotives — 40 C.F.R Part 92 and Part 1033;
g): Marine compression-ignition engines — 40 C.F.R Part 94 and Part 1042;
h): New large non-road spark-ignition engines — 40 C.F.R Part 1048;
i): Recreational engines and vehicles — 40 C.F.R Part 1051;
j): Control of evaporative emissions from new and in-use non-road and stationary equipment — 40 C.F.R. Part 1060;
k): Engine testing procedures — 40 C.F.R Part 1065; and
l): General compliance provisions for non-road programs — 40 C.F.R Part 1068.

Toon alle voetnoten

Voetnoten

Test cycle specified by NEDC.

Test cycle specified by NEDC.

The registration, sale and entry into service of new vehicles that fail to comply with the respective limit values shall be refused as from the dates given in the column.

Except vehicles whose maximum mass exceeds 2,500 kg.

And those category M vehicles specified in note b.

Except vehicles whose maximum mass exceeds 2,500 kg.

And those category M vehicles specified in note b.

Test cycle specified by the European steady-state cycle (ESC) and the European loadresponse (ELR) tests.

Test cycle specified by the world heavy duty steady state cycle (WHSC).

The registration, sale and entry into service of new vehicles that fail to comply with the respective limit values shall be refused as from the dates given in the column.

For natural gas engines only.

Not applicable to gas-fuelled engines at stage B2.

Test cycle specified by the European transient cycle (ETC) test.

Test cycle specified by the world heavy duty transient cycle (WHTC).

Test cycle specified by the world heavy duty transient cycle (WHTC).

With effect from the given date and with the exception of machinery and engines intended for export to countries that are not parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable and the placing on the market of new engines, whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the respective limit values set out in the table.

Editor's note: This figure represents the sum of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides and was reflected in the final approved text by a single figure in a merged cell in the table. As this text does not include tables with dividing lines, the figure is repeated in each column for clarity.

Editor's note: This figure represents the sum of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides and was reflected in the final approved text by a single figure in a merged cell in the table. As this text does not include tables with dividing lines, the figure is repeated in each column for clarity.

With effect from the given date and with the exception of machinery and engines intended for export to countries that are not parties to the present Protocol, Parties shall permit the registration, where applicable and the placing on the market of new engines, whether or not installed in machinery, only if they meet the respective limit values set out in the table.

The NO_x emissions for all engine classes must not exceed 10 g/kWh.

Where A, B and n are constants and PN is the rate engine power in kW and the emissions are measured in accordance with the harmonised standards.

For 3- and 4-wheelers, 3.5 g/km.

The summer period shall begin no later than 1 May and shall not end before 30 September. For Parties with arctic conditions the summer period shall begin no later than 1 June and not end before 31 August and the Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP) is limited to 70 kPa.

Except for regular unleaded petrol (minimum motor octane number (MON) of 81 and minimum research octane number (RON) of 91), for which the maximum olefin content shall be 21% v/v. These limits shall not preclude the introduction on the market of a Party of another unleaded petrol with lower octane numbers than set out here.

Other mono-alcohols with a final distillation point no higher than the final distillation point laid down in national specifications or, where these do not exist, in industrial specifications for motor fuels.